RICCIO, PAULO (Latin, Paulus Ricius):

By: Kaufmann Kohler, Peter Wiernik

Jewish convert to Christianity in the first half of the sixteenth century. He was a native of Germany, and after his conversion became professor of philosophy in the University of Pavia; subsequently he was physician to Emperor Maximilian I. Riccio was inclined to astrology and the Cabala, and had a controversy with Johann Eck about the existence of life on the stellar bodies. Erasmus thought very highly of Riccio, who defended him and his followers against the attacks of Stephen the Presbyter. Like most converts from Judaism, Riccio attempted to convince the Jews of the truth of the Gospels. He, moreover, advised the Christian nations to unite against the Turks, who were at that time the terror of Europe.

Riccio was a prolific writer and, as Grätz says, "turned to good account the small amount of Jewish knowledge which he brought with him to Christianity." His best-known work is his "De Porta Lucis R. Josephi Gecatilia" (Augsburg, 1516), which is a free translation of a part of the cabalistic work "Sha'are Orah" by Joseph Gikatilla. Jerome Riccio (Hieronymus Ricius), Paulo's son, sent acopy of this work to Reuchlin, who utilized it in the composition of his "De Arte Cabbalistica."

Riccio relates that he was ordered by Emperor Maximilian to prepare a Latin translation of the Talmud. All that has come down of it are the translations of the tractates Berakot, Sanhedrin, and Makkot (Augsburg, 1519), which are the earliest Latin renderings of the Mishnah known to bibliographers. The most important of his other works is "De Cælesti Agricultura," a large religio-philosophical work in four parts, dedicated to Emperor Charles V. and to his brother Ferdinand (Augsburg, 1541; 2d ed., Basel, 1597). His "Opuscula Varia," which contains a treatise on the 613 commandments, a religio-philosophical and controversial work aiming to demonstrate to the Jews the truths of Christianity, and an introduction to the Cabala followed by a compilation of its rules and dogmas, went through four editions (Pavia, 1510; Augsburg, 1515; ib. 1541; and Basel, 1597). Riccio wrote besides these works about ten others, all in Latin, on various religious, philosophical, and cabalistic subjects, which appeared in Augsburg in 1546 and were reprinted in Basel in 1597.

K. P. Wi.