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ABRAHAM ẒARFATI – See Ẓarfati, Abraham.
ABRAHAM ẒARFATI (BEN SOLOMON TREVES) – See Treves, Abraham ben Solomon.
ABRAHAM IBN ẒARẒAL – See Ẓarẓal, Abraham ibn.
ABRAHAM ẒEBI OF PIOTRKOW – Polish Talmudist; flourished at the beginning of the nineteenth century. He was a rabbi in several Polish communities, including Piotrkow, where he died. His work, "Berit Abraham" (Dyhernfurth, 1818), contains responsa covering...
ABRAHAMS, ABRAHAM – Writer on sheḥiṭah (laws of ritualistic killing of animals); born at Siedlce in Poland, December, 1801, and died at Jerusalem, January 23, 1880. He was familiarly known as Rabbi Abraham, and for nearly half a century he...
ABRAHAMS, BARNETT – Dayyan, or assistant rabbi, of the Spanish and Portuguese Congregation of London, England, and principal of Jews' College. He was born in Warsaw, Poland, in 1831, and died in London, November 15, 1863. Abrahams was educated at...
ABRAHAMS, ISRAEL – English author and teacher; born in London, November 26, 1858; son of Barnett Abrahams. He received his education at Jews' College, of which his father was principal, and at University College, London. He received the degree of...
ABRAHAMS, LOUIS BARNETT – Head master of the Jews' Free School, London; born at Swansea, South Wales, 1842. He was educated in the Jews' School at Manchester, whither his family had removed in 1845. In 1854 he was indentured to Moses Angel at the Jews'...
ABRAHAMS, NICOLAI CHRISTIAN LEVIN – Danish scholar, professor of the French language and literature at the University of Copenhagen; born at Copenhagen Sept. 6, 1798; died there Jan. 25, 1870. He entered the university in 1815, and graduated in law in 1818. He was...
ABRAHAMSON, ABRAHAM – German medalist and master of the Prussian mint; born at Potsdam, 1754 (1752?); died in Berlin, July 23, 1811. As an engraver he was considered one of the best of his time. Having learned the art of engraving from his father,...
ABRAHAMSON, AUGUST – Swedish philanthropist, and founder of the Sloid Seminary of Nääs, near Göteborg; born Dec. 29, 1817, at Karlskrona, Sweden, where his parents, originally from Germany, had settled; died May 6, 1898, at Nääs. August in his...
ABRAHAMSON, DAVID – German physician; born in Danzig, 1740; died there in 1800. He studied medicine at Königsberg, and from 1775 practised his profession at Hasenpoth in Kurland. Shortly before his death he returned to his birthplace. He published...
ABRAHAMSON (ABRAMSON), MEYER – A German physician and writer on medicine; born at Hamburg, 1764; died there October 21, 1817. He graduated from the University of Göttingen in 1783 and began practise in his native city, where his father had also been a medical...
ABRAMOVICH, MIKHAIL SOLOMONOVICH – Russian poet, son of Solomon (Shalom) Abramovich; born at Berditchev in 1859, and educated at the Gymnasium of Jitomir. At the age oftwenty he went to St. Petersburg, only for a short time. Being implicated in a revolutionary...
ABRAMOWITSCH, SOLOMON (SHALOM) JACOB – Wanderings. A Hebrew and Judæo-German writer; born at Kopyl, Lithuania, in 1836. He studied Talmud at the ḥeder and bet ha-midrash until the death of his father, which occurred in 1849. As a youth he wandered from town to town,...
ABRAMS, HARRIET – English soprano vocalist and composer; born 1760; died in the first half of the nineteenth century. She was the eldest of three sisters (Harriet, Theodosia, and Eliza), all excellent vocalists. Harriet herself was a pupil of Dr....
ABRAMSON, ARTHUR VON – Russian civil engineer; born at Odessa, March 3, 1854. He was educated at the gymnasium of his native city, and studied mathematics at the University of Odessa, which he left to take a course in civil engineering at the...
ABRAMSON, BERNARD – Russian physician of the nineteenth century. He was a corresponding member of the St. Petersburg Academy of Science, and for valued work in sanitation was made a hereditary honorary citizen by the Russian government. Owing to...
ABRASS, JOSHUA (OSIAS) – A famous ḥazan, or cantor; born in Austria about 1820, and died at Odessa in 1883. He was cantor in Tarnopol, 1840-42; afterward in Lemberg, 1842-60; and from 1860-83 he was chief cantor of the great synagogue of Odessa. He...
ABRAVALLA – The richest Jew in Valencia. He was forced during the persecution of 1391 to accept Christianity. The jurados of Valencia reported on this baptism on July 14, 1391, as follows: "Yesterday there was baptized the great Don Samuel...
ABRAVANEL, ABARBANEL – One of the oldest and most distinguished Spanish families, which traces its origin from King David. Members of this family lived at Seville, where dwelt its oldest representative, Don Judah Abravanel. Samuel Abravanel, his...
ABRAVANEL DORMIDO, DAVID – See Dormido, David Abravanel.
ABRAXAS – A term of Gnostic magic, of uncertain etymology. According to Irenæus ("Adversus Hæreses," i. 24, 3-7), the Gnostic Basilides (died about 130) gave the name of Abraxas to the highest Being, who presides over the 364 kingdoms of...
ABRECH – Biblical Data: The proclamation of the criers on the approach of Joseph (Gen. xli. 43). It has been variously explained. Some favor an Egyptian origin, others a Semitic one. Jewish commentators derive it from barak (to bend the...
ABREST, PAUL D' – Journalist; born at Prague, 1850; died at Vöslau, near Vienna, in July, 1893. He received his education at the Lycée Bonaparte in Paris, and on its completion he devoted himself to journalism. He was a frequent contributor to...

ABRAHAM ẒARFATI – See Ẓarfati, Abraham.

ABRAHAM ẒARFATI (BEN SOLOMON TREVES) – See Treves, Abraham ben Solomon.

ABRAHAM IBN ẒARẒAL – See Ẓarẓal, Abraham ibn.

ABRAHAM ẒEBI OF PIOTRKOW – Polish Talmudist; flourished at the beginning of the nineteenth century. He was a rabbi in several Polish communities, including Piotrkow, where he died. His work, "Berit Abraham" (Dyhernfurth, 1818), contains responsa covering...

ABRAHAMS, ABRAHAM – Writer on sheḥiṭah (laws of ritualistic killing of animals); born at Siedlce in Poland, December, 1801, and died at Jerusalem, January 23, 1880. He was familiarly known as Rabbi Abraham, and for nearly half a century he...

ABRAHAMS, BARNETT – Dayyan, or assistant rabbi, of the Spanish and Portuguese Congregation of London, England, and principal of Jews' College. He was born in Warsaw, Poland, in 1831, and died in London, November 15, 1863. Abrahams was educated at...

ABRAHAMS, ISRAEL – English author and teacher; born in London, November 26, 1858; son of Barnett Abrahams. He received his education at Jews' College, of which his father was principal, and at University College, London. He received the degree of...

ABRAHAMS, LOUIS BARNETT – Head master of the Jews' Free School, London; born at Swansea, South Wales, 1842. He was educated in the Jews' School at Manchester, whither his family had removed in 1845. In 1854 he was indentured to Moses Angel at the Jews'...

ABRAHAMS, NICOLAI CHRISTIAN LEVIN – Danish scholar, professor of the French language and literature at the University of Copenhagen; born at Copenhagen Sept. 6, 1798; died there Jan. 25, 1870. He entered the university in 1815, and graduated in law in 1818. He was...

ABRAHAMSON, ABRAHAM – German medalist and master of the Prussian mint; born at Potsdam, 1754 (1752?); died in Berlin, July 23, 1811. As an engraver he was considered one of the best of his time. Having learned the art of engraving from his father,...

ABRAHAMSON, AUGUST – Swedish philanthropist, and founder of the Sloid Seminary of Nääs, near Göteborg; born Dec. 29, 1817, at Karlskrona, Sweden, where his parents, originally from Germany, had settled; died May 6, 1898, at Nääs. August in his...

ABRAHAMSON, DAVID – German physician; born in Danzig, 1740; died there in 1800. He studied medicine at Königsberg, and from 1775 practised his profession at Hasenpoth in Kurland. Shortly before his death he returned to his birthplace. He published...

ABRAHAMSON (ABRAMSON), MEYER – A German physician and writer on medicine; born at Hamburg, 1764; died there October 21, 1817. He graduated from the University of Göttingen in 1783 and began practise in his native city, where his father had also been a medical...

ABRAMOVICH, MIKHAIL SOLOMONOVICH – Russian poet, son of Solomon (Shalom) Abramovich; born at Berditchev in 1859, and educated at the Gymnasium of Jitomir. At the age oftwenty he went to St. Petersburg, only for a short time. Being implicated in a revolutionary...

ABRAMOWITSCH, SOLOMON (SHALOM) JACOB – Wanderings. A Hebrew and Judæo-German writer; born at Kopyl, Lithuania, in 1836. He studied Talmud at the ḥeder and bet ha-midrash until the death of his father, which occurred in 1849. As a youth he wandered from town to town,...

ABRAMS, HARRIET – English soprano vocalist and composer; born 1760; died in the first half of the nineteenth century. She was the eldest of three sisters (Harriet, Theodosia, and Eliza), all excellent vocalists. Harriet herself was a pupil of Dr....

ABRAMSON, ARTHUR VON – Russian civil engineer; born at Odessa, March 3, 1854. He was educated at the gymnasium of his native city, and studied mathematics at the University of Odessa, which he left to take a course in civil engineering at the...

ABRAMSON, BERNARD – Russian physician of the nineteenth century. He was a corresponding member of the St. Petersburg Academy of Science, and for valued work in sanitation was made a hereditary honorary citizen by the Russian government. Owing to...

ABRASS, JOSHUA (OSIAS) – A famous ḥazan, or cantor; born in Austria about 1820, and died at Odessa in 1883. He was cantor in Tarnopol, 1840-42; afterward in Lemberg, 1842-60; and from 1860-83 he was chief cantor of the great synagogue of Odessa. He...

ABRAVALLA – The richest Jew in Valencia. He was forced during the persecution of 1391 to accept Christianity. The jurados of Valencia reported on this baptism on July 14, 1391, as follows: "Yesterday there was baptized the great Don Samuel...

ABRAVANEL, ABARBANEL – One of the oldest and most distinguished Spanish families, which traces its origin from King David. Members of this family lived at Seville, where dwelt its oldest representative, Don Judah Abravanel. Samuel Abravanel, his...

ABRAVANEL DORMIDO, DAVID – See Dormido, David Abravanel.

ABRAXAS – A term of Gnostic magic, of uncertain etymology. According to Irenæus ("Adversus Hæreses," i. 24, 3-7), the Gnostic Basilides (died about 130) gave the name of Abraxas to the highest Being, who presides over the 364 kingdoms of...

ABRECH – Biblical Data: The proclamation of the criers on the approach of Joseph (Gen. xli. 43). It has been variously explained. Some favor an Egyptian origin, others a Semitic one. Jewish commentators derive it from barak (to bend the...

ABREST, PAUL D' – Journalist; born at Prague, 1850; died at Vöslau, near Vienna, in July, 1893. He received his education at the Lycée Bonaparte in Paris, and on its completion he devoted himself to journalism. He was a frequent contributor to...