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TALMUD TORAH – Public free school for poor and orphaned boys, who are there given an elementary education in Hebrew, the Scriptures (especially the Pentateuch), and the Talmud (Halakah), and are thus prepared for the Yeshibah. The Talmud Torah...
TAM, JACOB – See Jacob ben Meïr Tam.
TAM, JACOB B. DAVID IBN YAḤYA – Portuguese-Turkish rabbi and physician; born in Portugal in the second half of the fifteenth century;died in Constantinople between 1534 and 1542. His father, David b. Solomon (d. Constantinople, 1504), one of the most prominent...
TAMAN – Peninsula between the Black Sea and the Sea of Azof; now included in the Russian province of Kuban. It contains the Cossack settlement of Taman, which has (1897) a population of 4,291. The peninsula was the seat of prosperous...
TAMAR – 1. City mentioned in the vision of Ezekiel (Ezek. xlvii. 19) as one terminus of the southern boundary-line of Canaan, which extended thence through Meriboth-kadesh to the Mediterranean. According to Ezek. xlviii. 28, moreover,...
TAMAR – 1.—Biblical Data: Daughter-in-law of Judah. After the death of her husband, Er, she married his brother Onan; but when he also died, Judah sent her back to her father's house, fearing to let her marry his third son, Shelah. When...
TAMARISK – Tree, several species of which are found in and around Palestine. The Hebrew term for the tamarisk is doubtful. The word , which occurs three times in the Old Testament, is interpreted by modern scholars as meaning "a tamarisk,"...
TAMID – Treatise in the Mishnah and the Babylonian Gemara; devoted chiefly to the regulations regarding the morning and evening burnt offerings (comp. Ex. xxix. 38-42; Num. xxviii. 3-8), but dealing also with other ceremonies in the...
TAMMUZ – Babylonian deity supposed to be referred to in Ezek. viii. 14. He is regarded as the husband, or sometimes as the son, of the goddess Ishtar, who descended to Hades every year in the fourth month, named after him,and remained...
TAMMUZ – Fourth ecclesiastical and tenth civil month of the Hebrew calendar. It consists of twenty-nine days, and corresponds to part of June and part of July. During the last years of the Second Temple the 14th of Tammuz was declared a...
TANG, ABRAHAM – English author; flourished in London in the latter half of the eighteenth century. In 1773 he published a philosophic commentary on Ecclesiastes which gives evidence of some classical scholarship. The mythology of Greece and of...
TANGIER – See Morocco.
TANḤUM B. ELIEZER – Lithuanian rabbi and merchant; born 1746; died in Grodno Jan. 12, 1819. He was the son of R. Eliezer of Urle (Orle), in the government of Grodno, and succeeded his father in that rabbinate. Later he occupied the position of...
TANḤUM BAR ḤANILAI – Palestinian amora of the third century, although his father's name suggests a Babylonian origin. He transmitted the sayings of Joshua ben Levi, Johanan, and Bar Ḳappara. In the Babylonian Talmud he appears as the author of...
TANḤUM B. ḤIYYA – Palestinian amora of the third century; a pupil of Simeon b. Pazzi, whose sayings he transmits. In the Babylonian Talmud he is constantly referred to as R. Tanḥum b. Ḥiyya of Kefar 'Akko (M. Ḳ. 25b; Yeb. 45a), of which place he...
TANḤUM BAR JEREMIAH – Palestinian amora of the fourth century; pupil of R. Manis the Elder. In the town of Ḥefer in Galilee he once rendered a legal decision on a religious question, whereupon his attention was called to the fact that his action was...
TANḤUM BEN JOSEPH YERUSHALMI – Oriental philologist and exegete of the thirteenth century. He was a scholar of great merit and was one of the last representatives of the rationalistic school of Biblical exegesis in the Orient; he is called by modern writers...
TANḤUM OF NAVE – See Tanḥuma b. Abba.
TANḤUMA B. ABBA – Palestinian amora of the fifth generation; one of the foremost haggadists of his time. He was a pupil of Ḥuna b. Abin (Num. R. iii.; Gen. R. xli.), from whom he transmits ha-lakic (Yer. Ḥal. 57d; Shab. 10c) as well as haggadic...
TANḤUMA, MIDRASH – Three Midrashim. Name given to three different collections of Pentateuch haggadot; two are extant, while the third is known only through citations. These midrashim, although bearing the name of R. Tanḥuma, must not be regarded...
TANḤUMA B. SKOLASTIḲAI – Palestinian teacher of the Law. His period is not known, but according to a conjecture (see "'Aruk," s.v. "Askolastika") he was the son of that Joshua b. Hananiah who in Gen. R. lxiv. 10 is called "Askolastikus." Tanḥuma is...
TANNA – See Tannaim and Amoraim.
TANNA DEBE ELIYAHU – Origin of the Name. Composite name of a midrash, consisting of two parts, whose final redaction took place at the end of the tenth century of the common era. The first part is called "Seder Eliyahu Rabbah" (thirty-one chapters);...
TANNAIM AND AMORAIM – The Name. The name "tanna" is derived from the Aramaic "teni" or "tena" (="to teach"), and designates in general a teacher of the oral law, and in particular one of the sages of the Mishnah, those teachers of the oral law whose...
TANNENBAUM, ABNER – Yiddish and Hebrew journalist; born at Schirwind, East Prussia, March 1, 1848. He studied in Kamenetz-Podolsk and in the Kisbinef Lyceum, and was awarded a diploma by the Imperial University of Odessa for his historical and...

TALMUD TORAH – Public free school for poor and orphaned boys, who are there given an elementary education in Hebrew, the Scriptures (especially the Pentateuch), and the Talmud (Halakah), and are thus prepared for the Yeshibah. The Talmud Torah...

TAM, JACOB – See Jacob ben Meïr Tam.

TAM, JACOB B. DAVID IBN YAḤYA – Portuguese-Turkish rabbi and physician; born in Portugal in the second half of the fifteenth century;died in Constantinople between 1534 and 1542. His father, David b. Solomon (d. Constantinople, 1504), one of the most prominent...

TAMAN – Peninsula between the Black Sea and the Sea of Azof; now included in the Russian province of Kuban. It contains the Cossack settlement of Taman, which has (1897) a population of 4,291. The peninsula was the seat of prosperous...

TAMAR – 1. City mentioned in the vision of Ezekiel (Ezek. xlvii. 19) as one terminus of the southern boundary-line of Canaan, which extended thence through Meriboth-kadesh to the Mediterranean. According to Ezek. xlviii. 28, moreover,...

TAMAR – 1.—Biblical Data: Daughter-in-law of Judah. After the death of her husband, Er, she married his brother Onan; but when he also died, Judah sent her back to her father's house, fearing to let her marry his third son, Shelah. When...

TAMARISK – Tree, several species of which are found in and around Palestine. The Hebrew term for the tamarisk is doubtful. The word , which occurs three times in the Old Testament, is interpreted by modern scholars as meaning "a tamarisk,"...

TAMID – Treatise in the Mishnah and the Babylonian Gemara; devoted chiefly to the regulations regarding the morning and evening burnt offerings (comp. Ex. xxix. 38-42; Num. xxviii. 3-8), but dealing also with other ceremonies in the...

TAMMUZ – Babylonian deity supposed to be referred to in Ezek. viii. 14. He is regarded as the husband, or sometimes as the son, of the goddess Ishtar, who descended to Hades every year in the fourth month, named after him,and remained...

TAMMUZ – Fourth ecclesiastical and tenth civil month of the Hebrew calendar. It consists of twenty-nine days, and corresponds to part of June and part of July. During the last years of the Second Temple the 14th of Tammuz was declared a...

TANG, ABRAHAM – English author; flourished in London in the latter half of the eighteenth century. In 1773 he published a philosophic commentary on Ecclesiastes which gives evidence of some classical scholarship. The mythology of Greece and of...

TANGIER – See Morocco.

TANḤUM B. ELIEZER – Lithuanian rabbi and merchant; born 1746; died in Grodno Jan. 12, 1819. He was the son of R. Eliezer of Urle (Orle), in the government of Grodno, and succeeded his father in that rabbinate. Later he occupied the position of...

TANḤUM BAR ḤANILAI – Palestinian amora of the third century, although his father's name suggests a Babylonian origin. He transmitted the sayings of Joshua ben Levi, Johanan, and Bar Ḳappara. In the Babylonian Talmud he appears as the author of...

TANḤUM B. ḤIYYA – Palestinian amora of the third century; a pupil of Simeon b. Pazzi, whose sayings he transmits. In the Babylonian Talmud he is constantly referred to as R. Tanḥum b. Ḥiyya of Kefar 'Akko (M. Ḳ. 25b; Yeb. 45a), of which place he...

TANḤUM BAR JEREMIAH – Palestinian amora of the fourth century; pupil of R. Manis the Elder. In the town of Ḥefer in Galilee he once rendered a legal decision on a religious question, whereupon his attention was called to the fact that his action was...

TANḤUM BEN JOSEPH YERUSHALMI – Oriental philologist and exegete of the thirteenth century. He was a scholar of great merit and was one of the last representatives of the rationalistic school of Biblical exegesis in the Orient; he is called by modern writers...

TANḤUM OF NAVE – See Tanḥuma b. Abba.

TANḤUMA B. ABBA – Palestinian amora of the fifth generation; one of the foremost haggadists of his time. He was a pupil of Ḥuna b. Abin (Num. R. iii.; Gen. R. xli.), from whom he transmits ha-lakic (Yer. Ḥal. 57d; Shab. 10c) as well as haggadic...

TANḤUMA, MIDRASH – Three Midrashim. Name given to three different collections of Pentateuch haggadot; two are extant, while the third is known only through citations. These midrashim, although bearing the name of R. Tanḥuma, must not be regarded...

TANḤUMA B. SKOLASTIḲAI – Palestinian teacher of the Law. His period is not known, but according to a conjecture (see "'Aruk," s.v. "Askolastika") he was the son of that Joshua b. Hananiah who in Gen. R. lxiv. 10 is called "Askolastikus." Tanḥuma is...

TANNA – See Tannaim and Amoraim.

TANNA DEBE ELIYAHU – Origin of the Name. Composite name of a midrash, consisting of two parts, whose final redaction took place at the end of the tenth century of the common era. The first part is called "Seder Eliyahu Rabbah" (thirty-one chapters);...

TANNAIM AND AMORAIM – The Name. The name "tanna" is derived from the Aramaic "teni" or "tena" (="to teach"), and designates in general a teacher of the oral law, and in particular one of the sages of the Mishnah, those teachers of the oral law whose...

TANNENBAUM, ABNER – Yiddish and Hebrew journalist; born at Schirwind, East Prussia, March 1, 1848. He studied in Kamenetz-Podolsk and in the Kisbinef Lyceum, and was awarded a diploma by the Imperial University of Odessa for his historical and...