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FARḤI, ḤAYYIM MU'ALLIM – Minister of the Pasha of Damascus and Acre; born at Damascus about the middle of the eighteenth century; assassinated in 1820. This remarkable statesman for more than forty years governed a part of the Turkish empire. His...
FARḤI, ISAAC – Dayyan and almoner of Jerusalem; born at Safed; died at Jerusalem May 11, 1853. About 1840 Farḥi was sent to Europe by the rabbinate of Jerusalem to collect contributions for the poor. He was the author of "Marpe la-'Eẓem,"...
FARḤI, JOSEPH SHABBETHAI – Talmudic scholar and cabalist; born at Jerusalem about 1802; died at Leghorn, Italy, in 1882. Farḥi was an earnest cabalist; he believed that after death the human body undergoes the trial of purgatory which the cabalists call...
FARIA, JUAN DE – Marano poet. While residing at Brussels in 1672 he wrote a poem in honor of his friend Miguel de Barrios' "Coro de las Musas." Barrios calls him and Aaron Dormido "ruiseñores del Musayco nido" (nightingales of the Mosaic...
FARISSOL (PERIZOL), ABRAHAM BEN MORDECAI – Italian scholar and geographer; born at Avignon, France, 1451; died, according to Grätz ("Geschichte," ix. 44), in 1525; Zunz, however ("G. S." i. 178), says that he was living in 1526. In 1468 he was at Avignon, but soon...
FARISSOL, JACOB BEN ḤAYYIM COMPRAT VIDAL – Liturgical poet; born at Avignon; grandson of Vitalis Farissol, one of the three chief bailiffs of Avignon in 1400. He was a pupil of Solomon ben Menahem, or "Frat Maimon," under whose supervision he composed in 1422, at the age...
FARISSOL, JUDAH – Italian mathematician and astronomer; flourished at Mantua at the end of the fifteenth century. In 1499 he wrote "Iggeret Sefirah," a description of the astronomical sphere, with diagrams.Bibliography: Steinschneider, Jewish,...
FARJEON, BENJAMIN L. – English-Jewish novelist; born in London 1833; died there July 23, 1903; educated at private schools. He emigrated to New Zealand, where he entered upon a literary career and became manager and partial owner of the first daily...
FARKAS, ALBERT – Hungarian journalist; born at Szilágy Somlyó Aug. 1, 1842; attended the gymnasium at Kolozsvár (Klausenburg), and studied law at Budapest. Farkas contributed to the "Magyar Sajtó," the "Hon," and the "Vasárnapi Ujság"; wrote...
FARKAS, GYULA (JULIUS) – Hungarian mathematician and physicist; born at Puszta Sárosd March 28, 1847; attended the gymnasium at Györ (Raab), and studied law and philosophy at Budapest. After teaching in a secondary school at Székesfehérvár...
FARMER OF TAXES – See Tax-Farming.
FARMING ON SHARES – See Landlord and Tenant.
FARO – Capital of the Portuguese province of Algarve. It was the seat of the district rabbi, or chief justice, appointed by the chief rabbi. Faro had Jewish inhabitants at an early date. They are mentioned in the municipal laws of...
FARRAR (FERRAR), ABRAHAM – Portuguese physician and poet; born at Porto; died at Amsterdam 1663. After practising medicine at Lisbon, Farrar emigrated to Amsterdam, where he became (1639) president of the Portuguese community. He was a nephew of Jacob...
FASSEL, HIRSCH BÄR – Austrian rabbi and author; born at Boskowitz, Moravia, Aug. 21, 1802; died at Nagy-Kanizsa, Hungary, Dec. 27, 1883. After receiving his early training in his native city he continued his studies at the yeshibah of Moses Sofer at...
FASTING AND FAST-DAYS – Fasting is usually defined as a withholding of all natural food from the body for a determined period voluntarily appointed for moral or religious ends. This institution has found wide acceptance in all religious systems,...
FAT – Biblical Data: The rendering in the English versions of the Hebrew word "ḥeleb," an animal substance of an oily character deposited in adipose tissues. In Judges iii. 22 it is mentioned as covering the human intestines. It is...
FATALISM – The doctrine that every event is predestined and must inevitably take place. According to Josephus, the question of fate—or rather, as he really means, of divine predestination—was one of the points in which the Pharisees...
FATE-BOOKS – See Lots, Books of.
FATHER – The word denotes primarily the begetter or genitor of an individual. In a looser sense it is used to designate the grandfather or remoter progenitor in general; also the head of the household, family, or clan; or the originator...
FATTORI – The executive body of the Roman community, consisting of three persons elected for one, later for one-half, year, by the representatives of the community. They called the meetings of the community; their consent was necessary in...
FAUDEL-PHILLIPS, SIR GEORGE, BART. – Lord mayor of London (1896-97); second son of Sir Benjamin Samuel Phillips; born in 1840. George Phillips, who derived the name of Faudel from his uncle, was educated at University College School, completing his studies in...
FAULT – Harmful neglect of duty. The "culpa" of Roman law is treated to some extent under the heads of Accident and Bailments, the former dealing with torts arising from lack of care, the latter with the loss of goods or animals through...
FAYER, LADISLAUS – Hungarian jurist; born at Kecskemé in 1842. In 1870 he received the degree of doctor of law, three years later becoming privat-docent at the University of Budapest. In 1886 he became professor of criminal law, which position he...
FAYYUM – See Egypt.

FARḤI, ḤAYYIM MU'ALLIM – Minister of the Pasha of Damascus and Acre; born at Damascus about the middle of the eighteenth century; assassinated in 1820. This remarkable statesman for more than forty years governed a part of the Turkish empire. His...

FARḤI, ISAAC – Dayyan and almoner of Jerusalem; born at Safed; died at Jerusalem May 11, 1853. About 1840 Farḥi was sent to Europe by the rabbinate of Jerusalem to collect contributions for the poor. He was the author of "Marpe la-'Eẓem,"...

FARḤI, JOSEPH SHABBETHAI – Talmudic scholar and cabalist; born at Jerusalem about 1802; died at Leghorn, Italy, in 1882. Farḥi was an earnest cabalist; he believed that after death the human body undergoes the trial of purgatory which the cabalists call...

FARIA, JUAN DE – Marano poet. While residing at Brussels in 1672 he wrote a poem in honor of his friend Miguel de Barrios' "Coro de las Musas." Barrios calls him and Aaron Dormido "ruiseñores del Musayco nido" (nightingales of the Mosaic...

FARISSOL (PERIZOL), ABRAHAM BEN MORDECAI – Italian scholar and geographer; born at Avignon, France, 1451; died, according to Grätz ("Geschichte," ix. 44), in 1525; Zunz, however ("G. S." i. 178), says that he was living in 1526. In 1468 he was at Avignon, but soon...

FARISSOL, JACOB BEN ḤAYYIM COMPRAT VIDAL – Liturgical poet; born at Avignon; grandson of Vitalis Farissol, one of the three chief bailiffs of Avignon in 1400. He was a pupil of Solomon ben Menahem, or "Frat Maimon," under whose supervision he composed in 1422, at the age...

FARISSOL, JUDAH – Italian mathematician and astronomer; flourished at Mantua at the end of the fifteenth century. In 1499 he wrote "Iggeret Sefirah," a description of the astronomical sphere, with diagrams.Bibliography: Steinschneider, Jewish,...

FARJEON, BENJAMIN L. – English-Jewish novelist; born in London 1833; died there July 23, 1903; educated at private schools. He emigrated to New Zealand, where he entered upon a literary career and became manager and partial owner of the first daily...

FARKAS, ALBERT – Hungarian journalist; born at Szilágy Somlyó Aug. 1, 1842; attended the gymnasium at Kolozsvár (Klausenburg), and studied law at Budapest. Farkas contributed to the "Magyar Sajtó," the "Hon," and the "Vasárnapi Ujság"; wrote...

FARKAS, GYULA (JULIUS) – Hungarian mathematician and physicist; born at Puszta Sárosd March 28, 1847; attended the gymnasium at Györ (Raab), and studied law and philosophy at Budapest. After teaching in a secondary school at Székesfehérvár...

FARMER OF TAXES – See Tax-Farming.

FARMING ON SHARES – See Landlord and Tenant.

FARO – Capital of the Portuguese province of Algarve. It was the seat of the district rabbi, or chief justice, appointed by the chief rabbi. Faro had Jewish inhabitants at an early date. They are mentioned in the municipal laws of...

FARRAR (FERRAR), ABRAHAM – Portuguese physician and poet; born at Porto; died at Amsterdam 1663. After practising medicine at Lisbon, Farrar emigrated to Amsterdam, where he became (1639) president of the Portuguese community. He was a nephew of Jacob...

FASSEL, HIRSCH BÄR – Austrian rabbi and author; born at Boskowitz, Moravia, Aug. 21, 1802; died at Nagy-Kanizsa, Hungary, Dec. 27, 1883. After receiving his early training in his native city he continued his studies at the yeshibah of Moses Sofer at...

FASTING AND FAST-DAYS – Fasting is usually defined as a withholding of all natural food from the body for a determined period voluntarily appointed for moral or religious ends. This institution has found wide acceptance in all religious systems,...

FAT – Biblical Data: The rendering in the English versions of the Hebrew word "ḥeleb," an animal substance of an oily character deposited in adipose tissues. In Judges iii. 22 it is mentioned as covering the human intestines. It is...

FATALISM – The doctrine that every event is predestined and must inevitably take place. According to Josephus, the question of fate—or rather, as he really means, of divine predestination—was one of the points in which the Pharisees...

FATE-BOOKS – See Lots, Books of.

FATHER – The word denotes primarily the begetter or genitor of an individual. In a looser sense it is used to designate the grandfather or remoter progenitor in general; also the head of the household, family, or clan; or the originator...

FATTORI – The executive body of the Roman community, consisting of three persons elected for one, later for one-half, year, by the representatives of the community. They called the meetings of the community; their consent was necessary in...

FAUDEL-PHILLIPS, SIR GEORGE, BART. – Lord mayor of London (1896-97); second son of Sir Benjamin Samuel Phillips; born in 1840. George Phillips, who derived the name of Faudel from his uncle, was educated at University College School, completing his studies in...

FAULT – Harmful neglect of duty. The "culpa" of Roman law is treated to some extent under the heads of Accident and Bailments, the former dealing with torts arising from lack of care, the latter with the loss of goods or animals through...

FAYER, LADISLAUS – Hungarian jurist; born at Kecskemé in 1842. In 1870 he received the degree of doctor of law, three years later becoming privat-docent at the University of Budapest. In 1886 he became professor of criminal law, which position he...

FAYYUM – See Egypt.