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FRIEDBERG, ABRAHAM SHALOM ("HAR SHALOM") – Russian Hebraist; born at Grodno Nov. 6, 1838; died in Warsaw March 21, 1902. At the age of thirteen he was apprenticed to a watchmaker; three years later he went to Brest-Litovsk, and afterward to southern Russia, spending two...
FRIEDBERG, BERNARD – Austrian Hebraist; born at Cracow Dec. 19, 1876. Besides numerous contributions to Hebrew and other periodicals, he has published the following works, most of them being written in Hebrew: "Rabbi Joseph Karo" (1895); "Epitaphien...
FRIEDBERG, HEINRICH VON – German statesman; born at Mürkisch-Friedland, West Prussia, Jan. 27, 1813; died at Berlin June 2, 1895. Friedberg studied law at the University of Berlin, taking his degree in 1836. He was attached to the Kammergericht at...
FRIEDBERG, HERMANN – German physician, born at Rosenberg, Silesia, July 5, 1817; died at Breslau March 2, 1884. He studied at the universities of Berlin, Vienna, Prague, Paris, and Breslau, receiving from the last-named the degree of doctor of...
FRIEDENTHAL, KARL RUDOLPH – Prussian statesman; born in Breslau Sept. 15, 1827; died on his estate, Giesmannsdorf, near Neisse, March 7, 1890. He was a nephew of Markus Bär Friedenthal, the author, and later became a convert to Christianity. He attended...
FRIEDENTHAL, MARKUS BÄR – German banker and scholar; born in 1779; died at Breslau Dec. 3, 1859. Although one of the leading bankers at Breslau, he devoted much time to study and to communal affairs. His special interest lay in the field of religious...
FRIEDENWALD – An American Jewish family, established in Baltimore, Md., by Jonas Friedenwald. His children were Bernard Stern, stepson (1820-73); Betzy Wiesenfeld (1820-94); Joseph (1826-); Isaac (1830-), who established a well-known printing...
FRIEDJUNG, HEINRICH – Austrian journalist and author, born at Rostschin, Moravia, Jan. 18, 1851; studied at Prague, Berlin, and Vienna (Ph.D.). In 1874 he was appointed professor at the Vienna Handelsakademie, but was obliged to resign in 1881 for...
FRIEDLAND – A family which came presumably from Friedland in the German duchy of Mecklenburg-Strelitz (or perhaps from the Bohemian town of that name), and settled in Prague. Nathan Friedland, "head of the ḳahal and of the country of...
FRIEDLAND, MOSES ARYEH LÖB – Russian philanthropist; born at Dünaburg, government of Vitebsk, Jan. 8, 1826; died at St. Petersburg Nov. 21, 1899. He was for more than thirty years general army-contractor for the Russian government; he was an honorary...
FRIEDLÄNDER, CAMILLA – Austrian painter; born in Vienna Dec. 10, 1856; daughter and pupil of Friedrich Friedländer. She has devoted herself to still-life subjects, producing many pictures of church and house interiors, etc. Her oil-painting...
FRIEDLÄNDER, DAGOBERT – Member of the Prussian Upper House; born in Kolmar, Posen, Feb. 19, 1826. From 1846 to 1857 he conducted a book business in Wollstein; in the latter year he removed to Bromberg, exchanging his former occupation for that of a...
FRIEDLÄNDER, DAVID – German writer and communal leader; born at Königsberg Dec. 6, 1750; died Dec. 25, 1834, at Berlin, where he had settled in 1771. As the son-in-law of the rich banker Daniel Itzig, and the friend and pupil, and subsequentlythe...
FRIEDLÄNDER, FRIEDRICH – Genre painter; born Jan. 10, 1825, at Kohljanowitz, Bohemia. He studied at the Vienna Academy, and later under Professor Waldmüller, and visited Italy in 1850, Düsseldorf in 1852, and finally Paris. He devoted himself at first...
FRIEDLÄNDER, JOSEPH ABRAHAM – German rabbi; born at Kolin, Bohemia, 1753; died at Brilon, Westphalia, Nov. 26, 1852. He was the nephew of David Friedländer, from whom he imbibed a great enthusiasm for progressive Judaism. After attending the Talmud school of...
FRIEDLÄNDER, JULIUS – German numismatist; born in Berlin June 25, 1813; died there April 4, 1884. After studying at the universities of Bonn and Berlin, and traveling in Italy (1838-39), he obtained a position at the Königliche Sammlung der...
FRIEDLÄNDER, LUDWIG – German philologist; born at Königsberg July 16, 1824. He studied at the universites of Königsberg and Leipsic from 1841 to 1845. In 1847 he became privat-docent of classical philology at Königsberg, in 1856 assistant professor,...
FRIEDLÄNDER, LUDWIG HERMANN – German physician; born April 20, 1790, at Königsberg, Prussia; died 1851 at Halle, Saxony. He entered the Königsberg University at the age of fifteen, and studied medicine (M.D. 1812), evincing at the same time a predilection...
FRIEDLÄNDER, MAX – Journalist; born June 18, 1829, at Pless, Prussian Silesia; died April 20, 1872, at Nice. After studying law at the universities of Berlin, Breslau, and Heidelberg, he became assessor at the city court of Breslau, and while...
FRIEDLÄNDER, MAX – German writer on music and bass concert-singer; born in Brieg, Silesia, Oct. 12, 1852. A pupil of Manuel Garcia (London) and Stockhausen (Frankfort-on-the-Main), he made his début at the London Monday Popular Concerts in 1880....
FRIEDLÄNDER, MICHAEL – Principal of Jews' College, London; born at Jutroschin, Prussia, April 29, 1833. He studied at the universities of Berlin and Halle (Ph.D. 1862), and concurrently with his university studies he read Talmud. Settling in Berlin,...
FRIEDLÄNDER, MORITZ – Austrian theologian; born in Bur Szt. Georgen, Hungary, 1842; now (1903) residing in Vienna. He was educated at the University of Prague, where he also attended the Talmudic lectures of Chief Rabbi Rapoport. His liberal views...
FRIEDLÄNDER, SOLOMON – Preacher and physician; born at Brilon, Westphalia, Oct. 23, 1825; died in Chicago Aug. 22, 1860. He studied in Bonn and Heidelberg, and graduated (Ph.D.) in 1844. In 1847 he was elected associate preacher to Dr. Holdheim of the...
FRIEDMAN, AARON ẒEBI – Shoḥeṭ: born in Stavisk, Poland, March 22, 1822; died in New York city May 17, 1876. At the age of seventeen Friedman became shoḥeṭ for the city of Stavisk and the neighboring country. He removed to Bernkastel-on-the-Moselle,...
FRIEDMAN, LÖB BEHR (Aryeh Dob) – Author and pedagogue; born in 1865 at Suwalki, Russian Poland. He was educated at Boskowitz, Moravia, afterward removing to Warsaw, where he became one of the promoters of Zionism, founding there, in conjunction with R. Samuel...

FRIEDBERG, ABRAHAM SHALOM ("HAR SHALOM") – Russian Hebraist; born at Grodno Nov. 6, 1838; died in Warsaw March 21, 1902. At the age of thirteen he was apprenticed to a watchmaker; three years later he went to Brest-Litovsk, and afterward to southern Russia, spending two...

FRIEDBERG, BERNARD – Austrian Hebraist; born at Cracow Dec. 19, 1876. Besides numerous contributions to Hebrew and other periodicals, he has published the following works, most of them being written in Hebrew: "Rabbi Joseph Karo" (1895); "Epitaphien...

FRIEDBERG, HEINRICH VON – German statesman; born at Mürkisch-Friedland, West Prussia, Jan. 27, 1813; died at Berlin June 2, 1895. Friedberg studied law at the University of Berlin, taking his degree in 1836. He was attached to the Kammergericht at...

FRIEDBERG, HERMANN – German physician, born at Rosenberg, Silesia, July 5, 1817; died at Breslau March 2, 1884. He studied at the universities of Berlin, Vienna, Prague, Paris, and Breslau, receiving from the last-named the degree of doctor of...

FRIEDENTHAL, KARL RUDOLPH – Prussian statesman; born in Breslau Sept. 15, 1827; died on his estate, Giesmannsdorf, near Neisse, March 7, 1890. He was a nephew of Markus Bär Friedenthal, the author, and later became a convert to Christianity. He attended...

FRIEDENTHAL, MARKUS BÄR – German banker and scholar; born in 1779; died at Breslau Dec. 3, 1859. Although one of the leading bankers at Breslau, he devoted much time to study and to communal affairs. His special interest lay in the field of religious...

FRIEDENWALD – An American Jewish family, established in Baltimore, Md., by Jonas Friedenwald. His children were Bernard Stern, stepson (1820-73); Betzy Wiesenfeld (1820-94); Joseph (1826-); Isaac (1830-), who established a well-known printing...

FRIEDJUNG, HEINRICH – Austrian journalist and author, born at Rostschin, Moravia, Jan. 18, 1851; studied at Prague, Berlin, and Vienna (Ph.D.). In 1874 he was appointed professor at the Vienna Handelsakademie, but was obliged to resign in 1881 for...

FRIEDLAND – A family which came presumably from Friedland in the German duchy of Mecklenburg-Strelitz (or perhaps from the Bohemian town of that name), and settled in Prague. Nathan Friedland, "head of the ḳahal and of the country of...

FRIEDLAND, MOSES ARYEH LÖB – Russian philanthropist; born at Dünaburg, government of Vitebsk, Jan. 8, 1826; died at St. Petersburg Nov. 21, 1899. He was for more than thirty years general army-contractor for the Russian government; he was an honorary...

FRIEDLÄNDER, CAMILLA – Austrian painter; born in Vienna Dec. 10, 1856; daughter and pupil of Friedrich Friedländer. She has devoted herself to still-life subjects, producing many pictures of church and house interiors, etc. Her oil-painting...

FRIEDLÄNDER, DAGOBERT – Member of the Prussian Upper House; born in Kolmar, Posen, Feb. 19, 1826. From 1846 to 1857 he conducted a book business in Wollstein; in the latter year he removed to Bromberg, exchanging his former occupation for that of a...

FRIEDLÄNDER, DAVID – German writer and communal leader; born at Königsberg Dec. 6, 1750; died Dec. 25, 1834, at Berlin, where he had settled in 1771. As the son-in-law of the rich banker Daniel Itzig, and the friend and pupil, and subsequentlythe...

FRIEDLÄNDER, FRIEDRICH – Genre painter; born Jan. 10, 1825, at Kohljanowitz, Bohemia. He studied at the Vienna Academy, and later under Professor Waldmüller, and visited Italy in 1850, Düsseldorf in 1852, and finally Paris. He devoted himself at first...

FRIEDLÄNDER, JOSEPH ABRAHAM – German rabbi; born at Kolin, Bohemia, 1753; died at Brilon, Westphalia, Nov. 26, 1852. He was the nephew of David Friedländer, from whom he imbibed a great enthusiasm for progressive Judaism. After attending the Talmud school of...

FRIEDLÄNDER, JULIUS – German numismatist; born in Berlin June 25, 1813; died there April 4, 1884. After studying at the universities of Bonn and Berlin, and traveling in Italy (1838-39), he obtained a position at the Königliche Sammlung der...

FRIEDLÄNDER, LUDWIG – German philologist; born at Königsberg July 16, 1824. He studied at the universites of Königsberg and Leipsic from 1841 to 1845. In 1847 he became privat-docent of classical philology at Königsberg, in 1856 assistant professor,...

FRIEDLÄNDER, LUDWIG HERMANN – German physician; born April 20, 1790, at Königsberg, Prussia; died 1851 at Halle, Saxony. He entered the Königsberg University at the age of fifteen, and studied medicine (M.D. 1812), evincing at the same time a predilection...

FRIEDLÄNDER, MAX – Journalist; born June 18, 1829, at Pless, Prussian Silesia; died April 20, 1872, at Nice. After studying law at the universities of Berlin, Breslau, and Heidelberg, he became assessor at the city court of Breslau, and while...

FRIEDLÄNDER, MAX – German writer on music and bass concert-singer; born in Brieg, Silesia, Oct. 12, 1852. A pupil of Manuel Garcia (London) and Stockhausen (Frankfort-on-the-Main), he made his début at the London Monday Popular Concerts in 1880....

FRIEDLÄNDER, MICHAEL – Principal of Jews' College, London; born at Jutroschin, Prussia, April 29, 1833. He studied at the universities of Berlin and Halle (Ph.D. 1862), and concurrently with his university studies he read Talmud. Settling in Berlin,...

FRIEDLÄNDER, MORITZ – Austrian theologian; born in Bur Szt. Georgen, Hungary, 1842; now (1903) residing in Vienna. He was educated at the University of Prague, where he also attended the Talmudic lectures of Chief Rabbi Rapoport. His liberal views...

FRIEDLÄNDER, SOLOMON – Preacher and physician; born at Brilon, Westphalia, Oct. 23, 1825; died in Chicago Aug. 22, 1860. He studied in Bonn and Heidelberg, and graduated (Ph.D.) in 1844. In 1847 he was elected associate preacher to Dr. Holdheim of the...

FRIEDMAN, AARON ẒEBI – Shoḥeṭ: born in Stavisk, Poland, March 22, 1822; died in New York city May 17, 1876. At the age of seventeen Friedman became shoḥeṭ for the city of Stavisk and the neighboring country. He removed to Bernkastel-on-the-Moselle,...

FRIEDMAN, LÖB BEHR (Aryeh Dob) – Author and pedagogue; born in 1865 at Suwalki, Russian Poland. He was educated at Boskowitz, Moravia, afterward removing to Warsaw, where he became one of the promoters of Zionism, founding there, in conjunction with R. Samuel...