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DOSA B. ṬEBET – Palestinian amora of the fourth century, in whose name the following curious sentences on the two most dangerous instincts of man are handed down by the eminent haggadist Huna (Cant. R. vii. 8): "In His world God has created two...
DOSETAI – A name, corresponding to the Hebrew "Mattaniah" or "Nethaneel," which seems to have been a favorite one both in Palestine and in Alexandria (Josephus, "Ant." xiii. 9, § 2; xiv. 10, § 18; xv. 6, § 2). It has been borne by the...
DOSITHEUS – Founder of the Dositheans. Founder of a Samaritan sect; lived probably in the first century of the common era. According to Pseudo-Tertullian ("Adversus Omnes Hæreses," i.), he was the first to deny the Prophets—a heresy that...
DOSTOYEVSKI – See Russia.
DOUGH – See Ḥallah.
DOVE – One of the most familiar species of pigeon. The most common term for dove in the O. T. is "yonah," comprising the whole family of Columbidœ, but in particular denoting the dove (Columba), as distinguished from the turtle-dove...
DOWRY – The portion or property which a wife brings to her husband in marriage. In patriarchal times the dowry was not known. As among all other nations of antiquity, in Israel the bridegroom named a price or ransom ("mohar") to the...
DOXOLOGY – See Liturgy.
DRABKIN, ABRAHAM – Chief rabbi of St. Petersburg, Russia; born of an old-established family at Mohilev on the Dnieper in 1844. When only a boy he devoted himself to the study of the Talmud and of Jewish literature, attending the best Jewish...
DRACH, DAVID PAUL – Librarian of the Propaganda in Rome; born at Strasburg March 6, 1791; died in Rome Jan., 1865. Drach received his early education from his father, who was a rabbi. After spending some time in various Talmudic schools, he became...
DRACHMA – See Numismatics and Weights.
DRACHMAN, BERNARD – American educator and rabbi; born in New York city June 27, 1861. He is a descendant of a rabbinical family, and was educated at the High School, Jersey City, N. J.; the Hebrew Preparatory School, and Columbia College, New York,...
DRAGOMAN, EL – Title of a Jewish periodical written in Judæo-Spanish and printed in square Hebrew characters, published in Vienna in 1856.G. M. Fr.
DRAGON – The usual translation of the Septuagint for , dangerous monster whose bite is poisonous ("dragons' poison") (Deut. xxxii. 33; Ps. xci. 13). Nowhere distinctly described, they must be imagined as of composite form, resembling,...
DRAGUIGNAN – Capital of the department of Var, France. There was a Jewish community here in the thirteenth century. The poet Isaac Gorni, who visited it in the beginning of the fourteenth century, complained bitterly of the rich Jews of...
DRAMA – City of European Turkey in the vilayet of Salonica, 25 miles from Serrès. It is the ancient Drabescus. Its small Jewish community, which was founded in 1860 by immigrants from Serrès and Monastir, possesses a synagogue, and a...
DRAMA, HEBREW – The origin of the Hebrew drama may be traced back to a very early period. The ancient Hebrews, like other nations of antiquity, were wont to express their emotions in the form of dialogue interspersed with songs. Miriam, with a...
DRAMA, THE JEW IN MODERN – General Characteristics. The modern drama, which may be said to date from Christopher Marlowe and Shakespeare, has made liberal use of the Jew as a stage character. From the time of these authors until the present, dramatists...
DRAMA, YIDDISH – Earliest Examples. The dramatic part of Yiddish literature has had a less independent development than any other of its parts, and is consequently poorer, both in quality and in quantity. There are probably less than fifty...
DRAWER OF WATER – A proverbial expression always found in connection with "hewer of wood" (Deut. xxix. 11; Josh. ix. 21, 23, 27). When the fraud practised by the Gibeonites was discovered, the Israelites, since they had taken an oath to defend...
DREAMS – Biblical Data: Dreams have at all times and among all peoples received much attention. In the youth of a nation, as in the youth of an individual, dreams are so vivid that they appear to be hardly distinguishable from reality....
DREIFUS, MARKUS G. – Swiss teacher and editor; born at Endingen, canton Aargau, Switzerland, 1812; died at Zurich May 30, 1877. After attending the Talmud school and the seminary at Karlsruhe, and studying for a few terms at the University of Basel,...
DREIFUS, MENAHEM BEN ABRAHAM – German rabbi and writer; he belonged to the widely related Treves family and signed himself . For many decades he was rabbi in Sulzburg, Baden, where he died in 1880. He is the author of a code giving the individual duties...
DRESCHFELD, LEOPOLD – Physician and communal worker; born in Bamberg, Bavaria, 1824; died at Manchester, England, Oct. 21, 1897. He studied medicine and dental surgery in Germany, fought in the Revolution of 1848, and subsequently settled down in...
DRESDEN – Capital of the kingdom of Saxony; situated on both banks of the Elbe. The presence of Jews in the city or in its vicinity as early as the beginning of the eleventh century is evidenced by the proceedings against Margrave...

DOSA B. ṬEBET – Palestinian amora of the fourth century, in whose name the following curious sentences on the two most dangerous instincts of man are handed down by the eminent haggadist Huna (Cant. R. vii. 8): "In His world God has created two...

DOSETAI – A name, corresponding to the Hebrew "Mattaniah" or "Nethaneel," which seems to have been a favorite one both in Palestine and in Alexandria (Josephus, "Ant." xiii. 9, § 2; xiv. 10, § 18; xv. 6, § 2). It has been borne by the...

DOSITHEUS – Founder of the Dositheans. Founder of a Samaritan sect; lived probably in the first century of the common era. According to Pseudo-Tertullian ("Adversus Omnes Hæreses," i.), he was the first to deny the Prophets—a heresy that...

DOSTOYEVSKI – See Russia.

DOUGH – See Ḥallah.

DOVE – One of the most familiar species of pigeon. The most common term for dove in the O. T. is "yonah," comprising the whole family of Columbidœ, but in particular denoting the dove (Columba), as distinguished from the turtle-dove...

DOWRY – The portion or property which a wife brings to her husband in marriage. In patriarchal times the dowry was not known. As among all other nations of antiquity, in Israel the bridegroom named a price or ransom ("mohar") to the...

DOXOLOGY – See Liturgy.

DRABKIN, ABRAHAM – Chief rabbi of St. Petersburg, Russia; born of an old-established family at Mohilev on the Dnieper in 1844. When only a boy he devoted himself to the study of the Talmud and of Jewish literature, attending the best Jewish...

DRACH, DAVID PAUL – Librarian of the Propaganda in Rome; born at Strasburg March 6, 1791; died in Rome Jan., 1865. Drach received his early education from his father, who was a rabbi. After spending some time in various Talmudic schools, he became...

DRACHMA – See Numismatics and Weights.

DRACHMAN, BERNARD – American educator and rabbi; born in New York city June 27, 1861. He is a descendant of a rabbinical family, and was educated at the High School, Jersey City, N. J.; the Hebrew Preparatory School, and Columbia College, New York,...

DRAGOMAN, EL – Title of a Jewish periodical written in Judæo-Spanish and printed in square Hebrew characters, published in Vienna in 1856.G. M. Fr.

DRAGON – The usual translation of the Septuagint for , dangerous monster whose bite is poisonous ("dragons' poison") (Deut. xxxii. 33; Ps. xci. 13). Nowhere distinctly described, they must be imagined as of composite form, resembling,...

DRAGUIGNAN – Capital of the department of Var, France. There was a Jewish community here in the thirteenth century. The poet Isaac Gorni, who visited it in the beginning of the fourteenth century, complained bitterly of the rich Jews of...

DRAMA – City of European Turkey in the vilayet of Salonica, 25 miles from Serrès. It is the ancient Drabescus. Its small Jewish community, which was founded in 1860 by immigrants from Serrès and Monastir, possesses a synagogue, and a...

DRAMA, HEBREW – The origin of the Hebrew drama may be traced back to a very early period. The ancient Hebrews, like other nations of antiquity, were wont to express their emotions in the form of dialogue interspersed with songs. Miriam, with a...

DRAMA, THE JEW IN MODERN – General Characteristics. The modern drama, which may be said to date from Christopher Marlowe and Shakespeare, has made liberal use of the Jew as a stage character. From the time of these authors until the present, dramatists...

DRAMA, YIDDISH – Earliest Examples. The dramatic part of Yiddish literature has had a less independent development than any other of its parts, and is consequently poorer, both in quality and in quantity. There are probably less than fifty...

DRAWER OF WATER – A proverbial expression always found in connection with "hewer of wood" (Deut. xxix. 11; Josh. ix. 21, 23, 27). When the fraud practised by the Gibeonites was discovered, the Israelites, since they had taken an oath to defend...

DREAMS – Biblical Data: Dreams have at all times and among all peoples received much attention. In the youth of a nation, as in the youth of an individual, dreams are so vivid that they appear to be hardly distinguishable from reality....

DREIFUS, MARKUS G. – Swiss teacher and editor; born at Endingen, canton Aargau, Switzerland, 1812; died at Zurich May 30, 1877. After attending the Talmud school and the seminary at Karlsruhe, and studying for a few terms at the University of Basel,...

DREIFUS, MENAHEM BEN ABRAHAM – German rabbi and writer; he belonged to the widely related Treves family and signed himself . For many decades he was rabbi in Sulzburg, Baden, where he died in 1880. He is the author of a code giving the individual duties...

DRESCHFELD, LEOPOLD – Physician and communal worker; born in Bamberg, Bavaria, 1824; died at Manchester, England, Oct. 21, 1897. He studied medicine and dental surgery in Germany, fought in the Revolution of 1848, and subsequently settled down in...

DRESDEN – Capital of the kingdom of Saxony; situated on both banks of the Elbe. The presence of Jews in the city or in its vicinity as early as the beginning of the eleventh century is evidenced by the proceedings against Margrave...