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FELD, JULIUS – Rumanian artist; born at Botuschany, Rumania, June 21, 1871. At an early age he went to France and studied at the Ecole des Beaux Arts under Delaunay, Bonnat, and Gérôme. He quickly made his mark as a portrait-painter, and has...
FELD (ROSENFELD), SIGMUND – Hungarian actor and theatrical manager; born at Spácza, Hungary, 1849. In 1867 he appeared at the Josefstädter Theater in Vienna. He studied in various German theaters on an allowance given him by Heinrich Laube, who in 1872...
FELDKIRCH – See Tyrol.
FELDMAN, WILHELM – Polish author; born at Warsaw 1868. Since 1886 he has published the following works, in which he advocates theassimilation of the Jews with the people among whom they dwell: "Assimilatarzy, Sjonisci i Polaci"; "O Zargonie...
FELDMANN, LEOPOLD – German dramatist; born at Munich May 22, 1802; died in Vienna March 26, 1882. He was one of the most prolific farce- and comedy-writers in Germany, and his plays have proved their worth by their long-continued
FELEKI, HUGO – Hungarian physician; born at Lovasberény March 23, 1861; studied medicine at the University of Budapest, where he became privat-docent of urogenital diseases in 1889. The instruments invented by him and bearing his name are...
FELIX (ANTONIUS FELIX) – Procurator of Judea. Felix, who was a freedman of the empress Antonia, was administrator of Samaria, and probably of Judea proper also, as early as the time of the procurator Cumanus (Tacitus, "Annales," xii. 54; Josephus,...
FÉLIX, ELISA-RACHEL – French actress; born in the Soleil d'Or, the principal inn of the village of Munf, in the canton Aargau, Switzerland, March 24, 1821; died at Cannet, near Toulon, France, Jan. 3, 1858. Her father was of German extraction, and...
FELIX, LUDWIG – Austrian economist; born at Horitz, Bohemia, Feb. 22, 1830. He attended lectures on commerce in Vienna, and devoted himself to historical and economical studies. He wrote: "Die Arbeiter und die Gesellschaft" (1874);...
FELIX PRATENSIS – Jewish apostate; born at Prato, Italy, in the second half of the fifteenth century; died at Rome in 1539. He received a good education and acquired a perfect knowledge of three languages. In 1518 he embraced Christianity,...
FĖLIX, REBECCA – French actress; born at Lyons 1829; died at Eaux-Bonnes June 19, 1854. She gave early evidence of talent, was trained by her sister Rachel, and made her first appearance at the age of fourteen, at the Odéon, in the rôle of...
FẸLIX, SOPHIE – French actress; eldest of the sisters of Elisa-Rachel Félix (Rachel); born in a small village near Frankfort-on-the-Main Feb. 2, 1819; died Jan. 12, 1877. She began as a singer in the cafés of Lyons and Paris, later entering the...
FELSENTHAL, BERNHARD – German-American rabbi and author; born Jan. 2, 1822, at Münchweiler, near Kaiserslautern, Germany. He was educated at the Kreisgewerbschule in Kaiserslautern, the Polytechnic High School, Munich, and the Teachers' Seminary at...
FENCE TO THE LAW – See Gezerah.
FENCES – See Boundaries.
FÉNYES (FISCHMANN), ADOLF – Hungarian painter; born at Kecskemét April 28, 1867; son of J. H. Fischmann, rabbi of that town. Though he first attracted attention as a caricaturist, he studied law at the University of Budapest; at the end of two years,...
FENYVESSY, ADOLF – Chief of the bureau of stenography of the Hungarian Parliament; born at Zala-Egerszeg 1837; completed his studies at Székesfehérvár and Budapest; adapted the Stolze system of stenography to the Hungarian language, and became the...
FEODOSI PECHERSKI – See Kiev.
FERBER, BORIS – Russian author; born in Jitomir 1859; died in St. Petersburg 1895. He entered the University of St. Petersburg, where he took a course in law, but his inclinations not being toward the legal profession, he willingly accepted a...
FERDINAND II. – Emperor of Germany; born July 9, 1578; elected Aug. 28, 1619; died Feb. 15, 1637. On the whole his reign was favorable for the condition of the Jews in the empire, even though they were subjected to the vicissitudes of the...
FERDINAND III – King of Castile and Leon; son of Alfonso IX., King of Leon, and the pious Berenguela; born 1200; ascended the throne 1217; died 1252. His reign may be regarded as marking a turning-point in the destinies of the Jews. Despite the...
FERDINAND IV. – King of Castile and Leon (1295-1312); son of Sancho IV.; came to the throne in his youth. He had for his confidential friend a Jew of Andalusia, Don Samuel, who acted as his "almojarife mor," or farmer-general of taxes, and...
FERDINAND AND ISABELLA – Ferdinand V. the Catholic: King of Spain; born 1452; died 1516; son of Juan II. of Aragon by his second wife, Juana Enriquez, daughter of Fredrique Enriquez, admiral of Castile, and granddaughter of the beautiful Jewess Paloma...
FERDINAND, PHILIP – Hebrew teacher; born in Poland about 1555; died at Leyden, Holland, 1598. After an adventurous career on the Continent, during which he became first a Roman Catholic and afterward a Protestant, he went to Oxford University, and...
FERMOSA – A Jewess of Toledo named "Rahel," afterward called "Fermosa" (The Beautiful) because of her rare beauty. She held Alfonso VIII. of Castile, husband of the beautiful and clever Donna Leonora, under her spell for almost seven...

FELD, JULIUS – Rumanian artist; born at Botuschany, Rumania, June 21, 1871. At an early age he went to France and studied at the Ecole des Beaux Arts under Delaunay, Bonnat, and Gérôme. He quickly made his mark as a portrait-painter, and has...

FELD (ROSENFELD), SIGMUND – Hungarian actor and theatrical manager; born at Spácza, Hungary, 1849. In 1867 he appeared at the Josefstädter Theater in Vienna. He studied in various German theaters on an allowance given him by Heinrich Laube, who in 1872...

FELDKIRCH – See Tyrol.

FELDMAN, WILHELM – Polish author; born at Warsaw 1868. Since 1886 he has published the following works, in which he advocates theassimilation of the Jews with the people among whom they dwell: "Assimilatarzy, Sjonisci i Polaci"; "O Zargonie...

FELDMANN, LEOPOLD – German dramatist; born at Munich May 22, 1802; died in Vienna March 26, 1882. He was one of the most prolific farce- and comedy-writers in Germany, and his plays have proved their worth by their long-continued

FELEKI, HUGO – Hungarian physician; born at Lovasberény March 23, 1861; studied medicine at the University of Budapest, where he became privat-docent of urogenital diseases in 1889. The instruments invented by him and bearing his name are...

FELIX (ANTONIUS FELIX) – Procurator of Judea. Felix, who was a freedman of the empress Antonia, was administrator of Samaria, and probably of Judea proper also, as early as the time of the procurator Cumanus (Tacitus, "Annales," xii. 54; Josephus,...

FÉLIX, ELISA-RACHEL – French actress; born in the Soleil d'Or, the principal inn of the village of Munf, in the canton Aargau, Switzerland, March 24, 1821; died at Cannet, near Toulon, France, Jan. 3, 1858. Her father was of German extraction, and...

FELIX, LUDWIG – Austrian economist; born at Horitz, Bohemia, Feb. 22, 1830. He attended lectures on commerce in Vienna, and devoted himself to historical and economical studies. He wrote: "Die Arbeiter und die Gesellschaft" (1874);...

FELIX PRATENSIS – Jewish apostate; born at Prato, Italy, in the second half of the fifteenth century; died at Rome in 1539. He received a good education and acquired a perfect knowledge of three languages. In 1518 he embraced Christianity,...

FĖLIX, REBECCA – French actress; born at Lyons 1829; died at Eaux-Bonnes June 19, 1854. She gave early evidence of talent, was trained by her sister Rachel, and made her first appearance at the age of fourteen, at the Odéon, in the rôle of...

FẸLIX, SOPHIE – French actress; eldest of the sisters of Elisa-Rachel Félix (Rachel); born in a small village near Frankfort-on-the-Main Feb. 2, 1819; died Jan. 12, 1877. She began as a singer in the cafés of Lyons and Paris, later entering the...

FELSENTHAL, BERNHARD – German-American rabbi and author; born Jan. 2, 1822, at Münchweiler, near Kaiserslautern, Germany. He was educated at the Kreisgewerbschule in Kaiserslautern, the Polytechnic High School, Munich, and the Teachers' Seminary at...

FENCE TO THE LAW – See Gezerah.

FENCES – See Boundaries.

FÉNYES (FISCHMANN), ADOLF – Hungarian painter; born at Kecskemét April 28, 1867; son of J. H. Fischmann, rabbi of that town. Though he first attracted attention as a caricaturist, he studied law at the University of Budapest; at the end of two years,...

FENYVESSY, ADOLF – Chief of the bureau of stenography of the Hungarian Parliament; born at Zala-Egerszeg 1837; completed his studies at Székesfehérvár and Budapest; adapted the Stolze system of stenography to the Hungarian language, and became the...

FEODOSI PECHERSKI – See Kiev.

FERBER, BORIS – Russian author; born in Jitomir 1859; died in St. Petersburg 1895. He entered the University of St. Petersburg, where he took a course in law, but his inclinations not being toward the legal profession, he willingly accepted a...

FERDINAND II. – Emperor of Germany; born July 9, 1578; elected Aug. 28, 1619; died Feb. 15, 1637. On the whole his reign was favorable for the condition of the Jews in the empire, even though they were subjected to the vicissitudes of the...

FERDINAND III – King of Castile and Leon; son of Alfonso IX., King of Leon, and the pious Berenguela; born 1200; ascended the throne 1217; died 1252. His reign may be regarded as marking a turning-point in the destinies of the Jews. Despite the...

FERDINAND IV. – King of Castile and Leon (1295-1312); son of Sancho IV.; came to the throne in his youth. He had for his confidential friend a Jew of Andalusia, Don Samuel, who acted as his "almojarife mor," or farmer-general of taxes, and...

FERDINAND AND ISABELLA – Ferdinand V. the Catholic: King of Spain; born 1452; died 1516; son of Juan II. of Aragon by his second wife, Juana Enriquez, daughter of Fredrique Enriquez, admiral of Castile, and granddaughter of the beautiful Jewess Paloma...

FERDINAND, PHILIP – Hebrew teacher; born in Poland about 1555; died at Leyden, Holland, 1598. After an adventurous career on the Continent, during which he became first a Roman Catholic and afterward a Protestant, he went to Oxford University, and...

FERMOSA – A Jewess of Toledo named "Rahel," afterward called "Fermosa" (The Beautiful) because of her rare beauty. She held Alfonso VIII. of Castile, husband of the beautiful and clever Donna Leonora, under her spell for almost seven...