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FROHMAN, CHARLES – American theatrical manager; born at Sandusky, Ohio, about 1858. He began his theatrical career as advance agent for Haverley's Mastodon Minstrels. Afterward he held a similar position with Collender's Georgia Minstrels, with...
FROHMAN, DANIEL – American theatrical manager; brother of Charles Frohman; born at Sandusky, Ohio, 1853. He went to New York city in 1866, and became office-boy of the "New York Tribune." He worked his way upward for five years, when he abandoned...
FRONTLETS – See Phylacteries.
FROSOLONI, ISAAC ḤAYYIM – Italian poet of the eighteenth century; born at Sienna; died at Leghorn 1794. On the completion of his Hebrew and secular studies at Sienna he went to Leghorn, where he became a member of the yeshibah. He formed an intimate...
FRUG, SEMION GRIGORYEVICH – Russian writer and poet; born 1860 in the Jewish agricultural colony of Bobrovy-Kut, government of Kherson. In 1880 there appeared in the "Razsvyet" his first poem, which attracted the attention of the reading public. In 1881 he...
FRÜHLING, DER – See Periodicals.
FRUIT – See Almond; Apple; Botany; Cookery; Etrog; Fig; Food; Grape; Mulberry; Nuts; Oil; Olive; Palm; Peach; Pear; Pompegrante; St. John's Bread; Sycamore-Fig.
FRUMKIN, ISRAEL DOB (BÄR) – Hebrew author; born in Dubrovna, Russia, Oct. 29, 1850. His father, Alexander Frumkin, when sixty years old emigrated to Jerusalem (1860). In 1869 Frumkin edited the Hebrew semi-monthly newspaper "Ḥabaẓẓelet," which had been...
FUBINI, SIMONE – Italian physiologist; born May 26, 1841, in Casale Monferrato, Piedmont; died Sept. 6, 1898, at Turin. After finishing his course at the college he entered the University of Turin as student of medicine, receiving his doctorate...
FUCHS, ISIDOR – Austrian journalist; born in Leipnik, near Biala, Galicia, Sept. 25, 1849. He has been active most of his life in journalism as a feuilletonist and dramatic editor, beginning on "Die Bombe" (in which his translations from the...
FUEL – Mineral coal was unknown to the ancient Hebrews, who used instead wood, manure, and grass for fuel. Wood was never abundant in Palestine, though there was not such a dearth in ancient times as exists at the present day. Various...
FUENN, BENJAMIN – Russian physician; son of Samuel Fuenn; born at Wilna in 1848; died there Aug. 12, 1901. Educated at the rabbinical seminary of his native city, Fuenn taught for two years, and then studied medicine, being graduated as M.D. from...
FUENN, SAMUEL JOSEPH – Russian scholar; born at Wilna Sept., 1819; died there Jan. 11, 1891. He received the usual Talmudic education, and also acquired an extensive general knowledge of the profane sciences. In 1848 the government appointed him...
FUGITIVE – See Asylum; Sanctuary; Slaves and Slavery.
FULD, AARON B. MOSES – German Talmudist; born at Frankfort-on-the-Main Dec. 2, 1790; died there Dec. 2, 1847. Being both a man of means and very retiring, he refused to accept the office of rabbi, and referred to the local rabbi any halakic questions...
FULD, LUDWIG – German lawyer and juridical author; born at Mayence Dec. 23, 1859. He received his education at the gymnasium of his native town and at the universities of Heidelberg, Berlin, and Giessen (LL.D., 1881). He was admitted to the...
FULDA – District town, on the right shore of the River Fulda in the Prussian province Hessen-Cassel. The Jews settled at Fulda at an early period; a community existed there in the twelfth century. The district is chiefly known on...
FULDA, LUDWIG – German author; born at Frankfort-on-the-Main July 15, 1862. He studied German philology and philosophy at the universities of Berlin, Leipsic, and Heidelberg (Ph.D. 1883). After a short stay in Frankfort, he went in 1884 to...
FULLANA, NICOLAS DE OLIVER Y – Chartographer; born on the island of Majorca; lived there as "Capitan" or "Cavallero Mallorquin" as late as 1650. On Oct. 1 of that year he wrote a Latin epigram of eight lines to Vicente Mut's "Historia del Reyno de Mallorca."...
FULLER – A cloth-finisher or -cleaner. The Hebrew term is (Mal. iii. 2) or (II Kings xviii. 17; Isa. vii. 3, xxxvi. 3), denoting one engaged in either of two occupations: (1) the cleaning of soiled garments or cloth, and (2) the...
FÜLLHORN, DAS – See Periodicals.
FULVIA – A Roman lady of high station, converted to Judaism through the teachings of a Jew who had sought refuge in Rome to escape punishment. This impostor, together with three others, persuaded her to contribute purple and gold for the...
FUNDAM, ISAAC – Spanish author and publisher; lived in Amsterdam about 1723. He wrote "Varios y Honestos Entretenimientos en Varios Entremeses, y Pasos Apasibles, que di á Luz D. Alonso de Castillo, Solozarno en Mexico" (Amsterdam, 1723), and...
FUNDÄO – Chief town in the district of the same name, province of Beira, Portugal. Of the27,000 inhabitants of the entire "conselho" more than one-third are of Jewish origin. For more than two centuries the Inquisition decimated this...
FUNERAL ORATION – The expression of grief over the dead body of a relative or friend in words of lamentation or of praise is of very early origin among the Jews (Gen. xxiii. 2; l. 10, 11). In the Bible specimens are found of such lamentations,...

FROHMAN, CHARLES – American theatrical manager; born at Sandusky, Ohio, about 1858. He began his theatrical career as advance agent for Haverley's Mastodon Minstrels. Afterward he held a similar position with Collender's Georgia Minstrels, with...

FROHMAN, DANIEL – American theatrical manager; brother of Charles Frohman; born at Sandusky, Ohio, 1853. He went to New York city in 1866, and became office-boy of the "New York Tribune." He worked his way upward for five years, when he abandoned...

FRONTLETS – See Phylacteries.

FROSOLONI, ISAAC ḤAYYIM – Italian poet of the eighteenth century; born at Sienna; died at Leghorn 1794. On the completion of his Hebrew and secular studies at Sienna he went to Leghorn, where he became a member of the yeshibah. He formed an intimate...

FRUG, SEMION GRIGORYEVICH – Russian writer and poet; born 1860 in the Jewish agricultural colony of Bobrovy-Kut, government of Kherson. In 1880 there appeared in the "Razsvyet" his first poem, which attracted the attention of the reading public. In 1881 he...

FRÜHLING, DER – See Periodicals.

FRUIT – See Almond; Apple; Botany; Cookery; Etrog; Fig; Food; Grape; Mulberry; Nuts; Oil; Olive; Palm; Peach; Pear; Pompegrante; St. John's Bread; Sycamore-Fig.

FRUMKIN, ISRAEL DOB (BÄR) – Hebrew author; born in Dubrovna, Russia, Oct. 29, 1850. His father, Alexander Frumkin, when sixty years old emigrated to Jerusalem (1860). In 1869 Frumkin edited the Hebrew semi-monthly newspaper "Ḥabaẓẓelet," which had been...

FUBINI, SIMONE – Italian physiologist; born May 26, 1841, in Casale Monferrato, Piedmont; died Sept. 6, 1898, at Turin. After finishing his course at the college he entered the University of Turin as student of medicine, receiving his doctorate...

FUCHS, ISIDOR – Austrian journalist; born in Leipnik, near Biala, Galicia, Sept. 25, 1849. He has been active most of his life in journalism as a feuilletonist and dramatic editor, beginning on "Die Bombe" (in which his translations from the...

FUEL – Mineral coal was unknown to the ancient Hebrews, who used instead wood, manure, and grass for fuel. Wood was never abundant in Palestine, though there was not such a dearth in ancient times as exists at the present day. Various...

FUENN, BENJAMIN – Russian physician; son of Samuel Fuenn; born at Wilna in 1848; died there Aug. 12, 1901. Educated at the rabbinical seminary of his native city, Fuenn taught for two years, and then studied medicine, being graduated as M.D. from...

FUENN, SAMUEL JOSEPH – Russian scholar; born at Wilna Sept., 1819; died there Jan. 11, 1891. He received the usual Talmudic education, and also acquired an extensive general knowledge of the profane sciences. In 1848 the government appointed him...

FUGITIVE – See Asylum; Sanctuary; Slaves and Slavery.

FULD, AARON B. MOSES – German Talmudist; born at Frankfort-on-the-Main Dec. 2, 1790; died there Dec. 2, 1847. Being both a man of means and very retiring, he refused to accept the office of rabbi, and referred to the local rabbi any halakic questions...

FULD, LUDWIG – German lawyer and juridical author; born at Mayence Dec. 23, 1859. He received his education at the gymnasium of his native town and at the universities of Heidelberg, Berlin, and Giessen (LL.D., 1881). He was admitted to the...

FULDA – District town, on the right shore of the River Fulda in the Prussian province Hessen-Cassel. The Jews settled at Fulda at an early period; a community existed there in the twelfth century. The district is chiefly known on...

FULDA, LUDWIG – German author; born at Frankfort-on-the-Main July 15, 1862. He studied German philology and philosophy at the universities of Berlin, Leipsic, and Heidelberg (Ph.D. 1883). After a short stay in Frankfort, he went in 1884 to...

FULLANA, NICOLAS DE OLIVER Y – Chartographer; born on the island of Majorca; lived there as "Capitan" or "Cavallero Mallorquin" as late as 1650. On Oct. 1 of that year he wrote a Latin epigram of eight lines to Vicente Mut's "Historia del Reyno de Mallorca."...

FULLER – A cloth-finisher or -cleaner. The Hebrew term is (Mal. iii. 2) or (II Kings xviii. 17; Isa. vii. 3, xxxvi. 3), denoting one engaged in either of two occupations: (1) the cleaning of soiled garments or cloth, and (2) the...

FÜLLHORN, DAS – See Periodicals.

FULVIA – A Roman lady of high station, converted to Judaism through the teachings of a Jew who had sought refuge in Rome to escape punishment. This impostor, together with three others, persuaded her to contribute purple and gold for the...

FUNDAM, ISAAC – Spanish author and publisher; lived in Amsterdam about 1723. He wrote "Varios y Honestos Entretenimientos en Varios Entremeses, y Pasos Apasibles, que di á Luz D. Alonso de Castillo, Solozarno en Mexico" (Amsterdam, 1723), and...

FUNDÄO – Chief town in the district of the same name, province of Beira, Portugal. Of the27,000 inhabitants of the entire "conselho" more than one-third are of Jewish origin. For more than two centuries the Inquisition decimated this...

FUNERAL ORATION – The expression of grief over the dead body of a relative or friend in words of lamentation or of praise is of very early origin among the Jews (Gen. xxiii. 2; l. 10, 11). In the Bible specimens are found of such lamentations,...