HE-ḤALUẒ (lit. "the armed," or "the vanguard"):

By: Joseph Jacobs, Peter Wiernik

Hebrew magazine or year-book which appeared irregularly between 1852 and 1889. Its German title, "Wissenschaftliche Abhandlungen über Jüdische Geschichte, Literatur, und Alterthumskunde," indicates the nature of its contents. It was edited and published by Joshua Heschel Schorr as the realization of a plan mapped out by his friend and teacher Isaac Erter, who had died one year before the first volume appeared. Geiger, A. Krochmal, J. S. Reggio, M. Dubs, and M. Steinschneider were among the contributors to the earlier volumes, the major portion of which, however, was written by the editor. The articles in the later volumes were written by Schorr exclusively. The dates and places of publication are as follows: vols. i-iii. Lemberg, 1852-56; iv.-vi. Breslau, 1859-61; vii.-viii. Frankfort-on-the-Main, 1865-69; ix.-xi. Prague, 1873-80; xii-xiii. Vienna, 1887-89.

"He-Ḥaluẓ" was the most radical of Hebrew periodical publications, and Schorr's bold attacks on the great rabbinical authorities, and even on the Talmud, aroused intense opposition. Entire works, like A. M. Harmolin's "Ha-Ḥoleẓ" (Lemberg, 1861) and Meïr Kohn Bistritz's "Bi'ur Ṭiṭ ha-Yawen" (German title, "O. H. Schorr's Talmudische Exegesen," Presburg, 1888), were written to disprove its statements, and few men were subjected to so much vindictive criticism and gross personal abuse as its editor, who was equally unsparing in his counter-attacks. Many of his extreme views on Talmudical subjects were, however, rejected even by radical critics (see Geiger, "Jüd. Zeit." iv. 67-80).

J. P. Wi.