JUDAH BEN NATHANAEL:

By: Richard Gottheil, S. Kahn

French liturgical poet; lived at Beaucaire in the first quarter of the thirteenth century. Al-Ḥarizi, who became acquainted with him about 1211, praises him highly. Judah had five sons: Samuel, Ezra, Isaac, Isaiah, and Nathanael, all of whom were liturgical poets. The eldest, Samuel, was the author of "Ḳerobot," inserted in the Avignon ritual and recited on the fast-day of Ṭebet; the third son, Isaac, surnamed "ha-Sheniri" (), Whose songs "made the stars pale," lived at Malaucene, and composed piyyuṭim for the different festivals of the year, many of which are preserved in the Siddur of Avignon and Carpentras.

G. S. K.