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AGRIPPA, CAIUS JULIUS – Mentioned as propretor of the Roman province of Asia in an inscription at Ephesus; was probably a descendant of the royal house of Herod. His father, referred to in the inscription in question as King Alexander, was doubtless...
AGRIPPA, SIMONIDES – Youngest son of Flavius Josephus, the historian, by his second wife, a Jewess of distinguished family from the island of Crete; born about the year 82.Bibliography: Josephus, Vita, § 76; compare § i.M. Br.
AGRIPPINA – The depraved daughter of Germanicus and wife of the emperor Claudiuś, who at times interested herself in the internal affairs of Judea. Upon the pressing representations of Agrippa II., she succeeded in inducing the emperor to...
AGUDAT AḤIM – A name adopted by many Jewish societies throughout the world, the members of which pledge themselves to brotherly love, and to mutual assistance in time of need. In the United States the name of the birthplace of the majority of...
AGUILAR – A district in the Spanish province of Valencia, which sheltered a considerable Jewish congregation in the Middle Ages. In consequence of the persecution by the Almohades, many of the Jews resident there pretended for a time to...
AGUILAR, ANTONIO D' – See Cohen, Faya.
AGUILAR (AVELAR), DAVID UZZIEL D' – Friend and contemporary of De Barrios, and praised by the latter in the "Relacion de los Poetas." He is known for his translation into Spanish of the works of Philo. The manuscript of this translation seems to be...
AGUILAR, DIEGO D' – A Marano who flourished in the eighteenth century; born probably in Spain; died at London in 1759. In 1722 he went from Lisbon to London, and thence to Vienna. From 1725 to 1747 he held the tobacco monopoly in Austria, and had...
AGUILAR, EPHRAIM LOPEZ PEREIRA, BARON D' – Second Baron d'Aguilar; born in Vienna in 1739; died at London, 1802. In 1757 he was naturalized in England, where he had settled with his father. He married in 1758 the daughter of Moses Mendes da Costa, who is reported to have...
AGUILAR, GRACE – English novelist and writer on Jewish history and religion; born at Hackney, London, June 2, 1816; died at Frankfort-on-the-Main, September 16, 1847, where her remains were buried in the Jewish cemetery. She was the oldest child...
AGUILAR, JACOB DE – Pupil of Abraham de Fonseca at Hamburg, and ḥakam in one of the Brazilian communities, about 1640. M. K.
AGUILAR (AGUYLAR), MOSES RAPHAELDE – Born probably in Portugal; died in Amsterdam, Dec. 15, 1679. He was ḥakam and principal of the Talmud Torah at Amsterdam. In 1642 he went with Isaac Aboab da Fonseca, as ḥazan, to Brazil, where he remained till the reconquest of...
'AGUNAH – A woman whose husband has either abandoned her or, being absent, has not been heard from for some time. Having no proof of her husband's death, or being without a bill of divorce from him, her status as a wife remains forever...
AGUR BEN JAKEH – Biblical Data: The compiler of a collection of proverbs found in Prov. xxx. The text (ver. 1) seems to say that he was a "Massaite," the gentilic termination not being indicated in the traditional writing "Ha-Massa" (compare...
AḤA – The name of nearly fourscore rabbis quoted in the Talmud and in midrashic literature. Some of these are misnamed through the errors of copyists; others appear but once or twice, and, consequently, can not be identified with any...
AḤA (AḤAI) I. – A tanna of the second century, junior contemporary of Simon ben Yoḥai, with whom, as well as with others of the fourth and fifth tannaitic generations, he appears in halakic disputations. While he is, therefore, best known as a...
AḤA (AḤAI) II. – A Palestinian amora of the first amoraic generation (third century), surnamed Berabbi, Ha-Gadol or Roba ("the Great"). He systematized Baraitot at the Academy of Ḥiya ha-Gadol, and was teacher of Samuel ha-ZaḲen (Ber. 14a; Yer....
AḤA (AḤAI) III. – A Palestinian amora of the fourth century and associate of the most prominent teachers of the fourth amoraic generation, R. Jonah and R. Yose II. He was a native of Lydda in southern Palestine, but settled in Tiberias, where...
AḤA – Brother of Abba, the father of Jeremiah b. Abba; a contemporary of Abba Arika (third century). The latter said that in the history of the world there never had been a man so penitent as King Josiah, and after him came Aḥa, the...
AḤA B. ADDA – An amora of the fourth century; born and educated in Palestine. He emigrated to Babylonia, where he became a disciple of Rab Judah ben Ezekiel and of Rab Hamnuna II. He frequently reported decisions of his Palestinian teachers....
AḤA AREKA – See Aḥa (Aḥai) B. Papa.
AḤA B. AWYA – A Babylonian halakist of the third generation of Amoraim. He once visited Palestine, where he attended the lectures of Rab Assi (Yasa I.), and seems to have met Rabbi Johanan. He was a disciple of Rab Ḥisda in Babylonia, and...
AḤA BARDALA – A Babylonian amora of the first generation, a contemporary of Abba Areka (Suk. 26a; Beẓah, 14a; Giṭ. 14a). S. M.
AḤA OF DIFTI – A Babylonian amora of the sixth generation (fifth century), frequently found in halakic discussion with Rabina II. For a time he acted as counselor (ḥakam) of the exilarch (resh galuta) Mar Zuṭra I. (441-450). After the death of...
AḤA (AḤAI) B. ḤANINA – A Palestinian amora of the third and fourth centuries. He collected rare Baraitot among the leading scholars of Daroma in southern Judea, which he communicated to his colleagues elsewhere, even as far as the Babylonian...

AGRIPPA, CAIUS JULIUS – Mentioned as propretor of the Roman province of Asia in an inscription at Ephesus; was probably a descendant of the royal house of Herod. His father, referred to in the inscription in question as King Alexander, was doubtless...

AGRIPPA, SIMONIDES – Youngest son of Flavius Josephus, the historian, by his second wife, a Jewess of distinguished family from the island of Crete; born about the year 82.Bibliography: Josephus, Vita, § 76; compare § i.M. Br.

AGRIPPINA – The depraved daughter of Germanicus and wife of the emperor Claudiuś, who at times interested herself in the internal affairs of Judea. Upon the pressing representations of Agrippa II., she succeeded in inducing the emperor to...

AGUDAT AḤIM – A name adopted by many Jewish societies throughout the world, the members of which pledge themselves to brotherly love, and to mutual assistance in time of need. In the United States the name of the birthplace of the majority of...

AGUILAR – A district in the Spanish province of Valencia, which sheltered a considerable Jewish congregation in the Middle Ages. In consequence of the persecution by the Almohades, many of the Jews resident there pretended for a time to...

AGUILAR, ANTONIO D' – See Cohen, Faya.

AGUILAR (AVELAR), DAVID UZZIEL D' – Friend and contemporary of De Barrios, and praised by the latter in the "Relacion de los Poetas." He is known for his translation into Spanish of the works of Philo. The manuscript of this translation seems to be...

AGUILAR, DIEGO D' – A Marano who flourished in the eighteenth century; born probably in Spain; died at London in 1759. In 1722 he went from Lisbon to London, and thence to Vienna. From 1725 to 1747 he held the tobacco monopoly in Austria, and had...

AGUILAR, EPHRAIM LOPEZ PEREIRA, BARON D' – Second Baron d'Aguilar; born in Vienna in 1739; died at London, 1802. In 1757 he was naturalized in England, where he had settled with his father. He married in 1758 the daughter of Moses Mendes da Costa, who is reported to have...

AGUILAR, GRACE – English novelist and writer on Jewish history and religion; born at Hackney, London, June 2, 1816; died at Frankfort-on-the-Main, September 16, 1847, where her remains were buried in the Jewish cemetery. She was the oldest child...

AGUILAR, JACOB DE – Pupil of Abraham de Fonseca at Hamburg, and ḥakam in one of the Brazilian communities, about 1640. M. K.

AGUILAR (AGUYLAR), MOSES RAPHAELDE – Born probably in Portugal; died in Amsterdam, Dec. 15, 1679. He was ḥakam and principal of the Talmud Torah at Amsterdam. In 1642 he went with Isaac Aboab da Fonseca, as ḥazan, to Brazil, where he remained till the reconquest of...

'AGUNAH – A woman whose husband has either abandoned her or, being absent, has not been heard from for some time. Having no proof of her husband's death, or being without a bill of divorce from him, her status as a wife remains forever...

AGUR BEN JAKEH – Biblical Data: The compiler of a collection of proverbs found in Prov. xxx. The text (ver. 1) seems to say that he was a "Massaite," the gentilic termination not being indicated in the traditional writing "Ha-Massa" (compare...

AḤA – The name of nearly fourscore rabbis quoted in the Talmud and in midrashic literature. Some of these are misnamed through the errors of copyists; others appear but once or twice, and, consequently, can not be identified with any...

AḤA (AḤAI) I. – A tanna of the second century, junior contemporary of Simon ben Yoḥai, with whom, as well as with others of the fourth and fifth tannaitic generations, he appears in halakic disputations. While he is, therefore, best known as a...

AḤA (AḤAI) II. – A Palestinian amora of the first amoraic generation (third century), surnamed Berabbi, Ha-Gadol or Roba ("the Great"). He systematized Baraitot at the Academy of Ḥiya ha-Gadol, and was teacher of Samuel ha-ZaḲen (Ber. 14a; Yer....

AḤA (AḤAI) III. – A Palestinian amora of the fourth century and associate of the most prominent teachers of the fourth amoraic generation, R. Jonah and R. Yose II. He was a native of Lydda in southern Palestine, but settled in Tiberias, where...

AḤA – Brother of Abba, the father of Jeremiah b. Abba; a contemporary of Abba Arika (third century). The latter said that in the history of the world there never had been a man so penitent as King Josiah, and after him came Aḥa, the...

AḤA B. ADDA – An amora of the fourth century; born and educated in Palestine. He emigrated to Babylonia, where he became a disciple of Rab Judah ben Ezekiel and of Rab Hamnuna II. He frequently reported decisions of his Palestinian teachers....

AḤA AREKA – See Aḥa (Aḥai) B. Papa.

AḤA B. AWYA – A Babylonian halakist of the third generation of Amoraim. He once visited Palestine, where he attended the lectures of Rab Assi (Yasa I.), and seems to have met Rabbi Johanan. He was a disciple of Rab Ḥisda in Babylonia, and...

AḤA BARDALA – A Babylonian amora of the first generation, a contemporary of Abba Areka (Suk. 26a; Beẓah, 14a; Giṭ. 14a). S. M.

AḤA OF DIFTI – A Babylonian amora of the sixth generation (fifth century), frequently found in halakic discussion with Rabina II. For a time he acted as counselor (ḥakam) of the exilarch (resh galuta) Mar Zuṭra I. (441-450). After the death of...

AḤA (AḤAI) B. ḤANINA – A Palestinian amora of the third and fourth centuries. He collected rare Baraitot among the leading scholars of Daroma in southern Judea, which he communicated to his colleagues elsewhere, even as far as the Babylonian...