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BAND, MORITZ – Austrian writer and art critic; born Oct. 6, 1864. At an early age he began to write for the press, chiefly feuilletons, humorous sketches, and sporting news. He published: "Encyklopädie des Buchhändlerischer Wissens," Weimar,...
BANDMANN, DANIEL E. – German-American actor; born at Cassel, Germany, in 1840. He made his début at the Court Theater, Neu Strelitz, when eighteen years old, playing for the next five years mainly in German versions of Shakespearian plays. In 1863 he...
BANDOFF, BENJAMIN – English pugilist; born in the first quarter of the nineteenth century; died after 1865. Bandoff entered the prize-ring to meet Jerry Duggan, Sept. 20, 1853, having been matched against him for £10 a side. The battle, which...
BANETH, EDUARD (EZEKIEL) – German rabbi and scholar; born at Liptó-Szent-Miklós, Hungary, Aug. 9, 1855; son of Bernhard Baneth. After receiving his preparatory education in his native city, at the Israelitische Normalschule, and studying the Talmud...
BANETH, EZEKIEL – Hungarian rabbi; born 1773 at Alt-Ofen; died Dec. 28, 1854. He was the son of the learned rabbi Jacob Banêt, an eminent member of the rabbinate of Alt-Ofen, and early distinguished himself by his penetrating knowledge of...
BANETH, JERAHMEEL DOB (BERNHARD) – Hungarian rabbi; born 1815 at Széchény; died Oct. 21, 1871. The youngest son of Ezekiel Baneth, he was one of the most gifted pupils of his father, from whom he inherited, together with a love for Talmudic studies, his amiable...
BANISHMENT – Biblical Data: In ancient Israel an exclusion, permanent or temporary, from the native land, as a divine punishment. Adam's Banishment from the garden of Eden (Gen. iii. 24) and Cain's from the presence of the Lord (Gen. iv. 16)...
BANK, EMANUEL – Russian lawyer; born at Luknik, government of Kovno, 1840; died at St. Maurice. Switzerland, July 29, 1891. He was the son of Baruch (Boris) Bank; but, his parents being in poor circumstances, he was brought up by his aunt,...
BANK, JOSHUA BEN ISAAC – Rabbi at Tulchin, Russia; born at Satanov in the first half of the nineteenth century. He was the author of the following works: (1) "Sippurim Nifla'im" (Wonderful Tales), translated from other languages into Hebrew verses...
BANKING – Speaking strictly, Banking means the taking of money on deposit (banks of deposit), and loaning it out on interest (banks of issue). In this sense Banking is comparatively recent; only a few banks of deposit existing in the...
BANKRUPTCY – In modern law, the proceeding taken by the courts of justice with regard to debtors unable to pay their debts in full, when all the creditors become parties to the proceeding. The object of bankruptcy laws is twofold: first,...
BANNAAH, BANNAY, BANNAYAH – A Palestinian semi-tanna (see Bar Ḳappara) at the beginning of the third century. Not much of a halakic nature from him has been preserved; but he is distinguished as one of the great haggadists of his time. Probably he also...
BANNAIM – A supposed sect of an Essene order, among Palestinian Jews of the second century. The only passage in which the name occurs is Miḳwaot ix. 6 (Tosef. ib. vi. 14 [vii. 1]), where the following Halakah is recorded by a tanna of the...
BÁNÓCZI, JOSEPH – Hungarian scholar; born at Szt. Gál, county of Veszprém, Hungary, July 4, 1849. He was educated at the schools of his native town, and afterward at the universities of Budapest, Vienna, Berlin, Göttingen, and Leipsic, and then...
BANQUETS – Festive meals on occasions of the celebration of domestic, communal, and religious joy, and on welcoming as well as on parting from friends. Social in character, they originated, as is now generally assumed, in sacrificial...
BANU AUS – An Arab tribe that came to Medina together with the Banu Khazraj (about 300), and settled there among the Jewish inhabitants of the place. For some time they lived under Jewish protection and intermarried with them; but,...
BANU BAḤDAL – A Jewish tribe in Medina which dwelt with the Banu Ḳuraiẓa. There is some uncertainty as to the correctness of the name, as the sources give also the names "Ḥadal" and "Ḥandal."G. H. Hir.
BANU ḲAINUḲA'A – A Jewish tribe in north Arabia, apparently the first Jews that settled at Medina, and the most powerful of all the Jewish tribes of the peninsula before Islam. They formed a gild of goldsmiths. They had also a market-place,...
BANU ḲURAIẓA – One of the Jewish tribes in Medina that, like the Banu al-Naḍir, seem to have consisted chiefly of descendants of Aaron. They inhabited the villages Maḥzūr, Bir Abba, and Buath on the eastern side of Medina; and also held...
BANU AL-NAḌIR – A Jewish tribe in Medina. It appears to have been chiefly composed of priestly families, as this, together with the Banu Ḳuraiẓa, was styled "Alkahinan" (The Two Priests). Their habitations were situated in the northern environs...
BANUS – A teacher of Josephus ("Vita," § 2, Bάνος; in ed. Niese, Bάννος). He "lived in the desert, used no other clothing than grew upon trees, had no other food than what grew of its own accord, and bathed himself in cold water...
BAPTISM – A religious ablution signifying purification or consecration. The natural method of cleansing the body by washing and bathing in water was always customary in Israel (see Ablution, Bathing). The washing of their clothes was an...
BAPTISTA, GIOVANNI GIONA GALILEO – Baptized Jew, professor of Hebrew, and librarian of the Vatican; born in Safed Oct. 28, 1588; died May 26, 1668. His Jewish name was Judah Jonah ben Isaac. He studied the Talmud and traveled as a rabbi through Italy and Poland;...
BAPTISTA, GIOVANNI SALOMO ROMANO ELIANO – Baptized Jew; ecclesiastical writer; born at Alexandria, Egypt; died in Rome March 3, 1589. He was a grandson of Elijah Levita, the famous Hebrew grammarian. Baptista traveled extensively in Germany, Turkey, Palestine, and...
BAPTISTS – A Christian denomination or sect denying the validity of infant-baptism or of any baptism not preceded by a confession of faith. Baptists and their spiritual progenitors, the Anabaptists of the sixteenth century (including the...

BAND, MORITZ – Austrian writer and art critic; born Oct. 6, 1864. At an early age he began to write for the press, chiefly feuilletons, humorous sketches, and sporting news. He published: "Encyklopädie des Buchhändlerischer Wissens," Weimar,...

BANDMANN, DANIEL E. – German-American actor; born at Cassel, Germany, in 1840. He made his début at the Court Theater, Neu Strelitz, when eighteen years old, playing for the next five years mainly in German versions of Shakespearian plays. In 1863 he...

BANDOFF, BENJAMIN – English pugilist; born in the first quarter of the nineteenth century; died after 1865. Bandoff entered the prize-ring to meet Jerry Duggan, Sept. 20, 1853, having been matched against him for £10 a side. The battle, which...

BANETH, EDUARD (EZEKIEL) – German rabbi and scholar; born at Liptó-Szent-Miklós, Hungary, Aug. 9, 1855; son of Bernhard Baneth. After receiving his preparatory education in his native city, at the Israelitische Normalschule, and studying the Talmud...

BANETH, EZEKIEL – Hungarian rabbi; born 1773 at Alt-Ofen; died Dec. 28, 1854. He was the son of the learned rabbi Jacob Banêt, an eminent member of the rabbinate of Alt-Ofen, and early distinguished himself by his penetrating knowledge of...

BANETH, JERAHMEEL DOB (BERNHARD) – Hungarian rabbi; born 1815 at Széchény; died Oct. 21, 1871. The youngest son of Ezekiel Baneth, he was one of the most gifted pupils of his father, from whom he inherited, together with a love for Talmudic studies, his amiable...

BANISHMENT – Biblical Data: In ancient Israel an exclusion, permanent or temporary, from the native land, as a divine punishment. Adam's Banishment from the garden of Eden (Gen. iii. 24) and Cain's from the presence of the Lord (Gen. iv. 16)...

BANK, EMANUEL – Russian lawyer; born at Luknik, government of Kovno, 1840; died at St. Maurice. Switzerland, July 29, 1891. He was the son of Baruch (Boris) Bank; but, his parents being in poor circumstances, he was brought up by his aunt,...

BANK, JOSHUA BEN ISAAC – Rabbi at Tulchin, Russia; born at Satanov in the first half of the nineteenth century. He was the author of the following works: (1) "Sippurim Nifla'im" (Wonderful Tales), translated from other languages into Hebrew verses...

BANKING – Speaking strictly, Banking means the taking of money on deposit (banks of deposit), and loaning it out on interest (banks of issue). In this sense Banking is comparatively recent; only a few banks of deposit existing in the...

BANKRUPTCY – In modern law, the proceeding taken by the courts of justice with regard to debtors unable to pay their debts in full, when all the creditors become parties to the proceeding. The object of bankruptcy laws is twofold: first,...

BANNAAH, BANNAY, BANNAYAH – A Palestinian semi-tanna (see Bar Ḳappara) at the beginning of the third century. Not much of a halakic nature from him has been preserved; but he is distinguished as one of the great haggadists of his time. Probably he also...

BANNAIM – A supposed sect of an Essene order, among Palestinian Jews of the second century. The only passage in which the name occurs is Miḳwaot ix. 6 (Tosef. ib. vi. 14 [vii. 1]), where the following Halakah is recorded by a tanna of the...

BÁNÓCZI, JOSEPH – Hungarian scholar; born at Szt. Gál, county of Veszprém, Hungary, July 4, 1849. He was educated at the schools of his native town, and afterward at the universities of Budapest, Vienna, Berlin, Göttingen, and Leipsic, and then...

BANQUETS – Festive meals on occasions of the celebration of domestic, communal, and religious joy, and on welcoming as well as on parting from friends. Social in character, they originated, as is now generally assumed, in sacrificial...

BANU AUS – An Arab tribe that came to Medina together with the Banu Khazraj (about 300), and settled there among the Jewish inhabitants of the place. For some time they lived under Jewish protection and intermarried with them; but,...

BANU BAḤDAL – A Jewish tribe in Medina which dwelt with the Banu Ḳuraiẓa. There is some uncertainty as to the correctness of the name, as the sources give also the names "Ḥadal" and "Ḥandal."G. H. Hir.

BANU ḲAINUḲA'A – A Jewish tribe in north Arabia, apparently the first Jews that settled at Medina, and the most powerful of all the Jewish tribes of the peninsula before Islam. They formed a gild of goldsmiths. They had also a market-place,...

BANU ḲURAIẓA – One of the Jewish tribes in Medina that, like the Banu al-Naḍir, seem to have consisted chiefly of descendants of Aaron. They inhabited the villages Maḥzūr, Bir Abba, and Buath on the eastern side of Medina; and also held...

BANU AL-NAḌIR – A Jewish tribe in Medina. It appears to have been chiefly composed of priestly families, as this, together with the Banu Ḳuraiẓa, was styled "Alkahinan" (The Two Priests). Their habitations were situated in the northern environs...

BANUS – A teacher of Josephus ("Vita," § 2, Bάνος; in ed. Niese, Bάννος). He "lived in the desert, used no other clothing than grew upon trees, had no other food than what grew of its own accord, and bathed himself in cold water...

BAPTISM – A religious ablution signifying purification or consecration. The natural method of cleansing the body by washing and bathing in water was always customary in Israel (see Ablution, Bathing). The washing of their clothes was an...

BAPTISTA, GIOVANNI GIONA GALILEO – Baptized Jew, professor of Hebrew, and librarian of the Vatican; born in Safed Oct. 28, 1588; died May 26, 1668. His Jewish name was Judah Jonah ben Isaac. He studied the Talmud and traveled as a rabbi through Italy and Poland;...

BAPTISTA, GIOVANNI SALOMO ROMANO ELIANO – Baptized Jew; ecclesiastical writer; born at Alexandria, Egypt; died in Rome March 3, 1589. He was a grandson of Elijah Levita, the famous Hebrew grammarian. Baptista traveled extensively in Germany, Turkey, Palestine, and...

BAPTISTS – A Christian denomination or sect denying the validity of infant-baptism or of any baptism not preceded by a confession of faith. Baptists and their spiritual progenitors, the Anabaptists of the sixteenth century (including the...