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BECK, KARL – Austrian poet; born May 1, 1817, at Baja, Hungary; died April 10, 1879, at Währing, a suburb of Vienna. Although of Jewish parentage, he was brought up in the Protestant Church. Upon his completion of the high-school course in...
BECK, KLINOS – Hungarian singer; born in 1868 at Budapest, where he attended commercial schools. He received the elements of a thorough musical education from Abrányi Kornél, whose pupil he remained throughout his career at the National...
BECK, MATTHEW FREDERICK – German Orientalist and divine; born May 22, 1649; died Feb. 2, 1701. He studied Oriental languages under Vossius in Jena, and settled as a preacher at Augsburg. He published a translation of the Targum on Chronicles, 1630-33,...
BECK, MIKSA, DE MADARAS – Hungarian financier; born at Bács-Madaras, 1838. His parents settled at Budapest when he was still a child; and it was there that he completed his commercial education. In 1864 he became the business manager of the banking-house...
BECK, MORITZ – Rumanian editor and schooldirector; born at Papa, Hungary. He is the editor of a bimonthly called "Revista Israelita," and author of an educational work in the Rumanian language, entitled "Vocabular Analytici Ebraico-Romanisc,"...
BECK, NÁNDOR, DE MADARAS – President of the Hungarian Hypotheken-Bank; born 1840 at Bács-Madaras; a younger brother of Miksa Beck. He was educated in Pest. In 1867 he obtained a position in the Anglo-Hungarian Bank, and in 1871, when only thirty-one years...
BED – In early as in later times the Bed of the poor was the bare ground, and the bedclothes the simple gown worn during the day, which was wrapped about one at night (Ex. xxii. 25, 26; Deut. xxiv. 13). Hence a pledge of the "simlah"...
BEDAD – Father of Hadad, one of the early kings of Edom (Gen. xxxvi. 35, and corresponding list I Chron. i. 46).J. Jr. G. B. L.
BEDAN – 1. A judge mentioned by Samuel in his farewell address (I Sam. xii. 11) among the judges that delivered Israel from their enemies. Though referred to along with Jerubaal, Jephthah, and Samuel, the name "Bedan" is not found in...
BEDARESI, JEDAIAH – See Bedersi.
BÉDARRIDE, JASSUDA – French jurisconsult; born at Aix, in Provence, in 1804; died there Feb. 4, 1882. He studied law at the Aix University; and with great promise began in 1825 the practise of law in his native town. In 1847 he was made leader of...
BÉDARRIDES, GUSTAVE EMANUEL – French magistrate; born at Aix-les-Bains Feb. 20, 1817; died at Paris June 5, 1899. Graduating from the University of Paris, he entered public life in 1840 as substitute counselor at the tribunal of Aix. Three years later he...
BEDDINGTON, ALFRED H. – English communal worker; born 1835; died in London Jan. 23, 1900. He was connected with the management of several Jewish institutions in London, and was intimately associated with the Central Synagogue, of which he and his...
BEDDINGTON, EDWARD HENRY – Euglish communal worker; born 1819; died Oct. 31, 1872 He was a member of the council of the United Synagogue and of the committees of several charitable and educational institutions. He rendered services to the community as...
BEDDINGTON, MAURICE – English communal worker; born in 1821; died at Carshalton Sept. 9, 1898. Throughout his life he was identified with most of the London communal institutions. He was one of the original members of the Board of Guardians and...
BEDERSI, ABRAHAM BEN ISAAC – Provençal poet; born at Béziers (whence his surname "Bedersi"—native of Béziers). The dates of his birth and death have not been ascertained. An elegy which he composed during his youth, upon the "Confiscation of the Books of...
BEDERSI, JEDAIAH BEN ABRAHAM – Poet, physician, and philosopher; born at Béziers (whence his surname Bedersi) about 1270; died about 1340. His Provençal name was En Bonet, which probably corresponds to the Hebrew name Tobiah (compare "Oheb Nashim" in the...
BEDFORD – Borough and capital of the county of Bedfordshire, England; situated on the River Ouse. The earliest notice of Jews at Bedford is entered on the pipe-rolls of 31 Henry I. (1185), when Solomon and Jacob, Jews of Bedford, paid a...
BEDIḲAH – Term employed in the Talmud and ritual codes denoting the rigid scrutiny by meansof which the fitness or unfitness of a person or object, according to the requirements of the rabbinical law, is ascertained. The term is employed...
BEE – A honey-gathering insect frequently referred to in the Bible. Bee-keeping dates very far back, and it is quite probable that the ancient Hebrews were engaged in it, although there is no direct testimony on the subject either in...
BEELEN, THEODORE JOHANN – Professor of Oriental languages at the Catholic University of Louvain, Belgium; born at Amsterdam at the beginning of the nineteenth century. He devoted himself early to the study of Hebrew literature, especially rabbinical, and...
BEELIADA – A son of David (I Chron. xiv. 7), who in II Sam. v. 16 and I Chron. iii. 8 is called "Eliada." This is due to an intentional change by the scribe, to whom the name "Baal" was hateful, and who therefore substituted "El" in its...
BEELZEBUB – Name of a demon mentioned in the New Testament as chief of the demons (Matt. xii. 24-27; Mark iii. 22; Luke xi. 15-18). When the Pharisees heard (of the cures performed by Jesus), they said: "This man doth not cast out demons...
BEER – 1. A halting-place of the Israelites near Arnon, in Moab, where they stopped during their wanderings in the desert (Num. xxi. 16). On the finding of the well a song was composed (Num. xxi. 17, 18): one of the earliest poetic...
BEER, AARON – Chief cantor of the Jewish congregation of Berlin; born 1738; died Jan. 3, 1821, in the fiftieth year of his official capacity as cantor. He possessed a well-trained tenor voice of extraordinary compass and rich and powerful...

BECK, KARL – Austrian poet; born May 1, 1817, at Baja, Hungary; died April 10, 1879, at Währing, a suburb of Vienna. Although of Jewish parentage, he was brought up in the Protestant Church. Upon his completion of the high-school course in...

BECK, KLINOS – Hungarian singer; born in 1868 at Budapest, where he attended commercial schools. He received the elements of a thorough musical education from Abrányi Kornél, whose pupil he remained throughout his career at the National...

BECK, MATTHEW FREDERICK – German Orientalist and divine; born May 22, 1649; died Feb. 2, 1701. He studied Oriental languages under Vossius in Jena, and settled as a preacher at Augsburg. He published a translation of the Targum on Chronicles, 1630-33,...

BECK, MIKSA, DE MADARAS – Hungarian financier; born at Bács-Madaras, 1838. His parents settled at Budapest when he was still a child; and it was there that he completed his commercial education. In 1864 he became the business manager of the banking-house...

BECK, MORITZ – Rumanian editor and schooldirector; born at Papa, Hungary. He is the editor of a bimonthly called "Revista Israelita," and author of an educational work in the Rumanian language, entitled "Vocabular Analytici Ebraico-Romanisc,"...

BECK, NÁNDOR, DE MADARAS – President of the Hungarian Hypotheken-Bank; born 1840 at Bács-Madaras; a younger brother of Miksa Beck. He was educated in Pest. In 1867 he obtained a position in the Anglo-Hungarian Bank, and in 1871, when only thirty-one years...

BED – In early as in later times the Bed of the poor was the bare ground, and the bedclothes the simple gown worn during the day, which was wrapped about one at night (Ex. xxii. 25, 26; Deut. xxiv. 13). Hence a pledge of the "simlah"...

BEDAD – Father of Hadad, one of the early kings of Edom (Gen. xxxvi. 35, and corresponding list I Chron. i. 46).J. Jr. G. B. L.

BEDAN – 1. A judge mentioned by Samuel in his farewell address (I Sam. xii. 11) among the judges that delivered Israel from their enemies. Though referred to along with Jerubaal, Jephthah, and Samuel, the name "Bedan" is not found in...

BEDARESI, JEDAIAH – See Bedersi.

BÉDARRIDE, JASSUDA – French jurisconsult; born at Aix, in Provence, in 1804; died there Feb. 4, 1882. He studied law at the Aix University; and with great promise began in 1825 the practise of law in his native town. In 1847 he was made leader of...

BÉDARRIDES, GUSTAVE EMANUEL – French magistrate; born at Aix-les-Bains Feb. 20, 1817; died at Paris June 5, 1899. Graduating from the University of Paris, he entered public life in 1840 as substitute counselor at the tribunal of Aix. Three years later he...

BEDDINGTON, ALFRED H. – English communal worker; born 1835; died in London Jan. 23, 1900. He was connected with the management of several Jewish institutions in London, and was intimately associated with the Central Synagogue, of which he and his...

BEDDINGTON, EDWARD HENRY – Euglish communal worker; born 1819; died Oct. 31, 1872 He was a member of the council of the United Synagogue and of the committees of several charitable and educational institutions. He rendered services to the community as...

BEDDINGTON, MAURICE – English communal worker; born in 1821; died at Carshalton Sept. 9, 1898. Throughout his life he was identified with most of the London communal institutions. He was one of the original members of the Board of Guardians and...

BEDERSI, ABRAHAM BEN ISAAC – Provençal poet; born at Béziers (whence his surname "Bedersi"—native of Béziers). The dates of his birth and death have not been ascertained. An elegy which he composed during his youth, upon the "Confiscation of the Books of...

BEDERSI, JEDAIAH BEN ABRAHAM – Poet, physician, and philosopher; born at Béziers (whence his surname Bedersi) about 1270; died about 1340. His Provençal name was En Bonet, which probably corresponds to the Hebrew name Tobiah (compare "Oheb Nashim" in the...

BEDFORD – Borough and capital of the county of Bedfordshire, England; situated on the River Ouse. The earliest notice of Jews at Bedford is entered on the pipe-rolls of 31 Henry I. (1185), when Solomon and Jacob, Jews of Bedford, paid a...

BEDIḲAH – Term employed in the Talmud and ritual codes denoting the rigid scrutiny by meansof which the fitness or unfitness of a person or object, according to the requirements of the rabbinical law, is ascertained. The term is employed...

BEE – A honey-gathering insect frequently referred to in the Bible. Bee-keeping dates very far back, and it is quite probable that the ancient Hebrews were engaged in it, although there is no direct testimony on the subject either in...

BEELEN, THEODORE JOHANN – Professor of Oriental languages at the Catholic University of Louvain, Belgium; born at Amsterdam at the beginning of the nineteenth century. He devoted himself early to the study of Hebrew literature, especially rabbinical, and...

BEELIADA – A son of David (I Chron. xiv. 7), who in II Sam. v. 16 and I Chron. iii. 8 is called "Eliada." This is due to an intentional change by the scribe, to whom the name "Baal" was hateful, and who therefore substituted "El" in its...

BEELZEBUB – Name of a demon mentioned in the New Testament as chief of the demons (Matt. xii. 24-27; Mark iii. 22; Luke xi. 15-18). When the Pharisees heard (of the cures performed by Jesus), they said: "This man doth not cast out demons...

BEER – 1. A halting-place of the Israelites near Arnon, in Moab, where they stopped during their wanderings in the desert (Num. xxi. 16). On the finding of the well a song was composed (Num. xxi. 17, 18): one of the earliest poetic...

BEER, AARON – Chief cantor of the Jewish congregation of Berlin; born 1738; died Jan. 3, 1821, in the fiftieth year of his official capacity as cantor. He possessed a well-trained tenor voice of extraordinary compass and rich and powerful...