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FERNANDEZ, MANUEL, DA VILLAREAL – Political economist and dramatist; born in Lisbon of Marano parents. He attended the University of Madrid, and served for a number of years in the army, in which he became captain. Later he removed to Paris as Portuguese...
FERNANDEZ, PHILIP – See Ferdinand, Philip.
FERNANDEZ Y GONZALEZ, FRANCISCO – Spanish Orientalist; professor in the University of Madrid; member of the Academia de la Historia. He is a son-in-law of the historian D. José Amador de los Rios. His great interest in the history and literature of the Jews has...
FERNANDO, AARON – Teacher and reformer at Leghorn, Italy; died 1830. He held a position under the first Napoleon, for whom he had the greatest admiration; and in the enthusiasm of that period, he imagined that the eve of universal brotherhood had...
FERRARA – In the Thirteenth Century. City in central Italy; capital of the province and former duchy of the same name. The Jewish community of Ferrara was one of the most flourishing and important in Italy, and it gave to Judaism a number...
FERRARA BIBLE – See Bible, Editions.
FERRARA, MOSES BEN MEÏR – Italian tosafist of the thirteenth century. He was a contemporary of Eleazar ben Samuel and of Isaiah ben Mali. No details of his life are known. He is quoted three times as a tosafist in "Haggahot Maimuni" ("Tefillah," ch. xi.;...
FERREOLUS – Bishop of Uzès, France (553-581). As soon as he had obtained the bishopric he showed great zeal in trying to convert the many Jews of Uzès. At first he treated them kindly, even inviting them to his table. Complaint was brought...
FERRER, VICENTE – Spanish Dominican preacher; born at Valencia Jan. 23, 1350; died at Vannes, France, April 5, 1419. Basnage supposes that he was of Jewish descent ("Histoire des Juifs," xiv. 701). He entered the Dominican order in Valencia Feb....
FERRET – The rendering in the Authorized Version of the Hebrew "anaḳah" (Lev. xi. 30). The Septuagint has μυγάλη ("shrew-mouse"); but from the context it appears that some kind of lizard is meant. The Revised Version gives "gecko" (see...
FERRUS, PETER – Jewish convert to Christianity; lived in Spain in the fifteenth century. A poet of ability, he exercised his talents in deriding his former coreligionists. Juan Alfonso de Baena, in his "Canzionero," cites four poems by...
FERUSSOL, COMPRAT VIDAL – See Farissol, Jacob ben Ḥayyim.
FESSLER, SIGISMUND – Austrian lawyer and author; born at Vienna Aug. 26, 1845; educated at the gymnasium and university of that city. He was appointed (1868) judge at the Landesgericht, which office he resigned in 1870. Since 1875 he has practised...
FESTIVALS – Biblical Data: The Hebrews designated a festival by the word "ḥag" (the Arabic "ḥajj"), originally implying a choragic rhythmic procession around the shrine of an idol or an altar (see Wellhausen, "Skizzen und Vorarbeiten," iii....
FESTUS, PORCIUS – Procurator of Judea about 60-62 C.E., after Felix (Josephus, "Ant." xx. 8, § 9; "B. J." ii. 14, § 1). Although he was more just than his predecessor, he could not allay the intense bitterness of feeling among the Jews, caused...
FETTERS – Chains or shackles by which the feet may be fastened either together or to some heavy object. The most usual term for fetters in the Bible is "neḥushtayim" (Judges xvi. 21; II Sam. iii. 34; II Kings xxv. 7; Jer. xxxix. 7, lii....
FETTMILCH, VINCENT – The Riot. Leader of the gilds of Frankfort-on-the-Main against the Jews in 1612, and instigator of the riots which led to the expulsion of the latter from that city in 1614; he was hanged in 1616. Fettmilch came of a family of...
FEUER, NATHANIEL – Hungarian oculist; born in Szobotiszt, Hungary, Aug. 18, 1844. He studied at the University of Vienna (M.D., 1872). Assistant at the eye clinic of the Klausenburg University in 1873, he became privat-docent at the same...

FERNANDEZ, MANUEL, DA VILLAREAL – Political economist and dramatist; born in Lisbon of Marano parents. He attended the University of Madrid, and served for a number of years in the army, in which he became captain. Later he removed to Paris as Portuguese...

FERNANDEZ, PHILIP – See Ferdinand, Philip.

FERNANDEZ Y GONZALEZ, FRANCISCO – Spanish Orientalist; professor in the University of Madrid; member of the Academia de la Historia. He is a son-in-law of the historian D. José Amador de los Rios. His great interest in the history and literature of the Jews has...

FERNANDO, AARON – Teacher and reformer at Leghorn, Italy; died 1830. He held a position under the first Napoleon, for whom he had the greatest admiration; and in the enthusiasm of that period, he imagined that the eve of universal brotherhood had...

FERRARA – In the Thirteenth Century. City in central Italy; capital of the province and former duchy of the same name. The Jewish community of Ferrara was one of the most flourishing and important in Italy, and it gave to Judaism a number...

FERRARA BIBLE – See Bible, Editions.

FERRARA, MOSES BEN MEÏR – Italian tosafist of the thirteenth century. He was a contemporary of Eleazar ben Samuel and of Isaiah ben Mali. No details of his life are known. He is quoted three times as a tosafist in "Haggahot Maimuni" ("Tefillah," ch. xi.;...

FERREOLUS – Bishop of Uzès, France (553-581). As soon as he had obtained the bishopric he showed great zeal in trying to convert the many Jews of Uzès. At first he treated them kindly, even inviting them to his table. Complaint was brought...

FERRER, VICENTE – Spanish Dominican preacher; born at Valencia Jan. 23, 1350; died at Vannes, France, April 5, 1419. Basnage supposes that he was of Jewish descent ("Histoire des Juifs," xiv. 701). He entered the Dominican order in Valencia Feb....

FERRET – The rendering in the Authorized Version of the Hebrew "anaḳah" (Lev. xi. 30). The Septuagint has μυγάλη ("shrew-mouse"); but from the context it appears that some kind of lizard is meant. The Revised Version gives "gecko" (see...

FERRUS, PETER – Jewish convert to Christianity; lived in Spain in the fifteenth century. A poet of ability, he exercised his talents in deriding his former coreligionists. Juan Alfonso de Baena, in his "Canzionero," cites four poems by...

FERUSSOL, COMPRAT VIDAL – See Farissol, Jacob ben Ḥayyim.

FESSLER, SIGISMUND – Austrian lawyer and author; born at Vienna Aug. 26, 1845; educated at the gymnasium and university of that city. He was appointed (1868) judge at the Landesgericht, which office he resigned in 1870. Since 1875 he has practised...

FESTIVALS – Biblical Data: The Hebrews designated a festival by the word "ḥag" (the Arabic "ḥajj"), originally implying a choragic rhythmic procession around the shrine of an idol or an altar (see Wellhausen, "Skizzen und Vorarbeiten," iii....

FESTUS, PORCIUS – Procurator of Judea about 60-62 C.E., after Felix (Josephus, "Ant." xx. 8, § 9; "B. J." ii. 14, § 1). Although he was more just than his predecessor, he could not allay the intense bitterness of feeling among the Jews, caused...

FETTERS – Chains or shackles by which the feet may be fastened either together or to some heavy object. The most usual term for fetters in the Bible is "neḥushtayim" (Judges xvi. 21; II Sam. iii. 34; II Kings xxv. 7; Jer. xxxix. 7, lii....

FETTMILCH, VINCENT – The Riot. Leader of the gilds of Frankfort-on-the-Main against the Jews in 1612, and instigator of the riots which led to the expulsion of the latter from that city in 1614; he was hanged in 1616. Fettmilch came of a family of...

FEUER, NATHANIEL – Hungarian oculist; born in Szobotiszt, Hungary, Aug. 18, 1844. He studied at the University of Vienna (M.D., 1872). Assistant at the eye clinic of the Klausenburg University in 1873, he became privat-docent at the same...