| FREITAGABEND, DER – See Periodicals. |
| FRENKEL, ISRAEL – Russian Hebraist and teacher; born at Radom, Russian Poland, Sept. 18, 1853. He was a pupil in Talmudic literature of Samuel Mohilever, chief rabbi of Radom; and at the same time studied Hebrew, German, and French. Frenkel has... |
| FRENKEL, ISRAEL – Russian physician; born at Rypin, government of Plotzk, June 29, 1857. At the age of twelve he had received only a religious education. One of his teachers, however, Ḳalman Pivover, who from a simple "melammed" became later a... |
| FRENSDORFF, SOLOMON – German Hebraist; born at Hamburg Feb. 24, 1803; died at Hanover March 23, 1880. While pursuing his studies at the Johanneum gymnasium in his native city, he was introduced into Hebrew literature by Isaac Bernays, who exerted... |
| FRESCO, DAVID – Turkish writer; descendant of Spanish exiles; born at Constantinople about 1850. He edited successively five Judæo-Spanish periodicals: "El Nacional" (1871: changed in 1872 to "El Telegraphe," later [1872] to "El Telegrafo");... |
| FRESCO, MOSES – Turkish Talmudist; born at Constantinople 1780; died there 1850. He succeeded Samuel Ḥayyim as ḥakam bashi (chief rabbi) of the Ottoman empire (1839). He is the author of a collection of responsa, "Yadaw shel Mosheh," Salonica,... |
| FREUD, SIGMUND – Austrian physician; born May 6, 1856, at Freiberg in Moravia. He received his education at the University of Vienna, where he was graduated as M.D. in 1881. He was admitted to the University of Vienna as privat-docent in 1885.... |
| FREUDENTHAL, BERTHOLD – Professor of law at the Academy of Frankfort-on-the-Main; born at Breslau, Aug. 23, 1872; son of Jacob Freudenthal. Freudenthal received his education at the gymnasium of Breslau and the universities of Breslau, Berlin, Halle,... |
| FREUDENTHAL, JACOB – German philosopher; born June 20, 1839, at Bodenfelde, province of Hanover, Prussia. Freudenthal received his education at the universities of Breslau and Göttingen, and at the rabbinical seminary of Breslau. After graduating... |
| FREUDLINE – See Names. |
| FREUND, ERNST – American jurist; born in New York Jan. 30, 1864; attended gymnasia at Dresden and Frankfort-on-the-Main, and the universities of Berlin and Heidelberg, receiving from the latter the degree of J.U.D., and later, from Columbia... |
| FREUND, ERNST – Austrian physician; born at Vienna Dec. 15, 1863; educated at the University of Vienna, whence he was graduated as M.D. in 1888. Soon, afterward he became physician at the Allgemeine Krankenhaus, continuing at the same time his... |
| FREUND, SAMUEL BEN ISSACHAR BÄR – Bohemian Talmudist; born at Tuschkau Dec., 1794; died at Prague June 18, 1881. After studying under Eleazar of Triesch and Baruch Fränkel of Leipnik he went to the yeshibah at Prague, where he studied under Bezalel Ronsperg... |
| FREUND, WILHELM – German philologist and lexicographer; born Jan. 27, 1806, at Kempen, province of Posen; died June 4, 1894, at Breslau. He studied in Berlin and Breslau from 1824 to 1828, when he opened a Jewish religious school in the latter... |
| FREUND, WILHELM ALEXANDER – German gynecologist; born at Krappitz, Silesia, Aug. 26, 1833. He studied medicine at the University of Breslau, where he received his degree in 1855, engaging in practise as gynecologist in that city in the same year. In 1857... |
| FRIARS – Before the institution of the mendicant friars the monastic orders did not play a prominent part in Jewish persecutions. The Cistercian Bernard of Clairvaux actively supported the Jews at the time of the Crusaders' massacres in... |
| FRIDAY – See Sabbath. |