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GALATZ – See Rumania.
GALBANUM – See Incense; Spices.
GAL'ED – See Gilead.
GALEN (GALENUS CLAUDIUS) – His Philosophy Criticized by Maimonides. Greek physician and philosopher; born at Pergamus, Mysia, about 131; died about 200. Eclipsed by those of Aristotle, Galen's philosophical works were not held in high esteem by the Jews....
GALICIA, Austria – Province of Austria; acquired at the partition of Poland, 1772, and which, except for some small territorial changes, has remained such since the Vienna Congress of 1815.Statistics. The census of 1900 showed the number of the...
GALICIA., Spain – An ancient province in the northwestern part of Spain; a barren, mountainous region where Jews settled sparsely in the eleventh century. There were Jewish communities at Allariz, Coruña, Orense, Monforte, Pontevedra, Rivadavia,...
GALILEE – Biblical and Post-Biblical Data: In the Greek period the customary name for the northern division of western Palestine. The name is formed from "ha-Galil," in the Old Testament (Josh. xx. 7, xxi. 32, LXX.; I Kings ix. 11; II...
GALINA, MOSES BEN ELIJAH – Greek scholar and translator; lived at Candia in the fifteenth century. His best known work is "Toledot Adam" (Constantinople, 1515), a treatise on chiromancy and physiognomy, drawn chiefly from 'Ali ibn 'Abbas' "Kamil...
GALIPAPA, ELIJAH – Rabbi of Rhodes in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries; probably born in Bulgaria. He emigrated to Palestine, but later removed to Rhodes. He was the author of "Yede Eliyahu," a work on the rabbinical institutions...
GALIPAPA, ḤAYYIM – Spanish rabbi; son of Abraham Galipapa; born at Monzon about 1310; died about 1380. He was rabbi at Huesca, and later at Pamplona, where he directed a Talmud school. Galipapa belonged to the liberal school, setting aside the...
GALIPAPA, ḤAYYIM MEBORAK – Bulgarian rabbi; lived and taught at Sofia about 1650 (Conforte, "Ḳore ha-Dorot," p. 52a).G. M. K.
GALLAḤ – Epithet originally applied to Catholic priests on account of their tonsure. Later the same epithet was extended to Greek Orthodox priests. "'Gallaḥ," with its plural "gallaḥim," occurs very often in Hebrew medieval literature....
GALLEGO, JOSEPH SHALOM DE SHALOM – Neo-Hebraic poet; died in Palestine Nov. 25, 1624. He was the first ḥazzan of the first synagogue erected in Amsterdam, and occupied the position fourteen years, then removed to Palestine. He edited the work "Imre No'am,"...
GALLERY – An elevated floor, or a balcony, in the interior of a church, synagogue, or other large building, resting on columns, and surrounded by a balustrade. In the Orthodox synagogues it is reserved for women; for the modern usage see...
GALLICO, ELISHA BEN GABRIEL – Palestinian Talmudist; died at Safed about 1583. He was a pupil of Joseph Caro. After the death of his master, Gallico was nominated chief of the yeshibah of Safed. He is frequently mentioned in the responsa collection "Abḳat...
GALLICO, SAMUEL – Italian Talmudist and cabalist; lived in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. He was a pupil of Moses Cordovero and the teacher of Menahem Azariah di Fano. Gallico was the compiler of "'Asis Rimmonim," consisting of extracts...
GALLIPOLI – Seaport town in European Turkey, at the northeast end of the Dardanelles and about 135 miles from Constantinople. It has a population of about 20,000, of whom 1,200 are Jews. The latter probably lived in Gallipoli from the first...
GALLOWS – A framework consisting of one or more upright posts supporting a cross-beam, and used for executing those sentenced to death by hanging. In the Hebrew Bible (="tree") is the word. used for "gallows" (Gen. xl. 19; Deut. xxi. 22;...
GALLUS, CAIUS CESTIUS – Consul "suffectus" in 42 C.E. Pliny ("Historia Naturalis," xxxiv. 48) calls him "consularis," i.e.," retired consul." According to a dubious passage in Tacitus ("Annales," xv. 25), he was appointed successor to Corbulo as legate...
GALUT – See Diaspora; Exile.
GALVESTON – Chief commercial city of the state of Texas; on Galveston Bay and the Gulf of Mexico. It was founded in 1836, and has a population (1903) of 32,745. Jews settled in Galveston in 1840. In 1852 the Jewish Cemetery Association was...
GAMA, GASPARD DA – German-Jewish mariner of the fifteenth century. According to his own story, Gaspard da Gama was born in Posen, and while still young had to leave the country (1456) on account of oppression. He followed his family to Jerusalem,...
GAMA, VASCO DA – Portuguese discoverer of the highway to India by sea. Like Columbus, he was materially aided in his voyage by Abraham Zacuto, astrologer to King D. Manuel. As commander-in-chief of the fleet destined for India, he set sail from...
GAMALA – City in Palestine, opposite Taricheæ, beyond Lake Tiberias. It had an unusually strong position on the side of a mountain with a protruding spur, which gave it its name ( = "camel"). It was accessible only from the south, on...
GAMALIEL – Name which occurs in the Bible only as a designation of the prince of the tribe of Manasseh (Num. i. 10; ii. 20; vii. 54, 59; x. 23). In post-Biblical times the name occurs with special frequency in the family of Hillel. In a...

GALATZ – See Rumania.

GALBANUM – See Incense; Spices.

GAL'ED – See Gilead.

GALEN (GALENUS CLAUDIUS) – His Philosophy Criticized by Maimonides. Greek physician and philosopher; born at Pergamus, Mysia, about 131; died about 200. Eclipsed by those of Aristotle, Galen's philosophical works were not held in high esteem by the Jews....

GALICIA, Austria – Province of Austria; acquired at the partition of Poland, 1772, and which, except for some small territorial changes, has remained such since the Vienna Congress of 1815.Statistics. The census of 1900 showed the number of the...

GALICIA., Spain – An ancient province in the northwestern part of Spain; a barren, mountainous region where Jews settled sparsely in the eleventh century. There were Jewish communities at Allariz, Coruña, Orense, Monforte, Pontevedra, Rivadavia,...

GALILEE – Biblical and Post-Biblical Data: In the Greek period the customary name for the northern division of western Palestine. The name is formed from "ha-Galil," in the Old Testament (Josh. xx. 7, xxi. 32, LXX.; I Kings ix. 11; II...

GALINA, MOSES BEN ELIJAH – Greek scholar and translator; lived at Candia in the fifteenth century. His best known work is "Toledot Adam" (Constantinople, 1515), a treatise on chiromancy and physiognomy, drawn chiefly from 'Ali ibn 'Abbas' "Kamil...

GALIPAPA, ELIJAH – Rabbi of Rhodes in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries; probably born in Bulgaria. He emigrated to Palestine, but later removed to Rhodes. He was the author of "Yede Eliyahu," a work on the rabbinical institutions...

GALIPAPA, ḤAYYIM – Spanish rabbi; son of Abraham Galipapa; born at Monzon about 1310; died about 1380. He was rabbi at Huesca, and later at Pamplona, where he directed a Talmud school. Galipapa belonged to the liberal school, setting aside the...

GALIPAPA, ḤAYYIM MEBORAK – Bulgarian rabbi; lived and taught at Sofia about 1650 (Conforte, "Ḳore ha-Dorot," p. 52a).G. M. K.

GALLAḤ – Epithet originally applied to Catholic priests on account of their tonsure. Later the same epithet was extended to Greek Orthodox priests. "'Gallaḥ," with its plural "gallaḥim," occurs very often in Hebrew medieval literature....

GALLEGO, JOSEPH SHALOM DE SHALOM – Neo-Hebraic poet; died in Palestine Nov. 25, 1624. He was the first ḥazzan of the first synagogue erected in Amsterdam, and occupied the position fourteen years, then removed to Palestine. He edited the work "Imre No'am,"...

GALLERY – An elevated floor, or a balcony, in the interior of a church, synagogue, or other large building, resting on columns, and surrounded by a balustrade. In the Orthodox synagogues it is reserved for women; for the modern usage see...

GALLICO, ELISHA BEN GABRIEL – Palestinian Talmudist; died at Safed about 1583. He was a pupil of Joseph Caro. After the death of his master, Gallico was nominated chief of the yeshibah of Safed. He is frequently mentioned in the responsa collection "Abḳat...

GALLICO, SAMUEL – Italian Talmudist and cabalist; lived in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. He was a pupil of Moses Cordovero and the teacher of Menahem Azariah di Fano. Gallico was the compiler of "'Asis Rimmonim," consisting of extracts...

GALLIPOLI – Seaport town in European Turkey, at the northeast end of the Dardanelles and about 135 miles from Constantinople. It has a population of about 20,000, of whom 1,200 are Jews. The latter probably lived in Gallipoli from the first...

GALLOWS – A framework consisting of one or more upright posts supporting a cross-beam, and used for executing those sentenced to death by hanging. In the Hebrew Bible (="tree") is the word. used for "gallows" (Gen. xl. 19; Deut. xxi. 22;...

GALLUS, CAIUS CESTIUS – Consul "suffectus" in 42 C.E. Pliny ("Historia Naturalis," xxxiv. 48) calls him "consularis," i.e.," retired consul." According to a dubious passage in Tacitus ("Annales," xv. 25), he was appointed successor to Corbulo as legate...

GALUT – See Diaspora; Exile.

GALVESTON – Chief commercial city of the state of Texas; on Galveston Bay and the Gulf of Mexico. It was founded in 1836, and has a population (1903) of 32,745. Jews settled in Galveston in 1840. In 1852 the Jewish Cemetery Association was...

GAMA, GASPARD DA – German-Jewish mariner of the fifteenth century. According to his own story, Gaspard da Gama was born in Posen, and while still young had to leave the country (1456) on account of oppression. He followed his family to Jerusalem,...

GAMA, VASCO DA – Portuguese discoverer of the highway to India by sea. Like Columbus, he was materially aided in his voyage by Abraham Zacuto, astrologer to King D. Manuel. As commander-in-chief of the fleet destined for India, he set sail from...

GAMALA – City in Palestine, opposite Taricheæ, beyond Lake Tiberias. It had an unusually strong position on the side of a mountain with a protruding spur, which gave it its name ( = "camel"). It was accessible only from the south, on...

GAMALIEL – Name which occurs in the Bible only as a designation of the prince of the tribe of Manasseh (Num. i. 10; ii. 20; vii. 54, 59; x. 23). In post-Biblical times the name occurs with special frequency in the family of Hillel. In a...