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HIRSCHEL LEVIN – See Levin, Hirschel.
HIRSCHEL, MOSES (CHRISTIAN MORITZ) – German writer; born at Breslau Sept. 13, 1754; continued to live in that city. On being baptized (1804) he took the name of "Christian Moritz." He published the following works: "Das Schach," Breslau, 1784; "Kampf der Jüdischen...
HIRSCHENSOHN, ISAAC M. – Jerusalem Talmudist; bibliophile; born at Pinsk, in the government of Minsk, Russia, in 1844. As a boy of three he accompanied his father, Jacob Mordecai Hirschensohn, to Jerusalem, and from him he received instruction in the...
HIRSCHFELD, GUSTAV – German archeologist, geographer, and topographer; born Nov. 4, 1847, at Pyritz, Pomerania; died April 20, 1895, at Wiesbaden. He studied philology and archeology at the universities of Berlin, Tübingen, and Leipsic.and was...
HIRSCHFELD, HARTWIG – English Orientalist; born at Thorn, Prussia. He studied at Posen, at the universities of Berlin and Strasburg, and at Paris under Derenbourg. In 1887 he edited Judah ha-Levi's "Cuzari" in Arabic and Hebrew, and translated it...
HIRSCHFELD, LUDWIK MAURYCY – Polish anatomist; born at Nadarzyn, government of Warsaw, 1816; died at Warsaw 1876. Hirschfeld received a Talmudical education at home, but, not being studiously inclined, at the age of seventeen he went to Berlin, where he...
HIRSCHFELD, OTTO – German historian, epigrapher, and archeologist; born March 16, 1843, at Königsberg, Prussia. He studied philology and history at the universities of Königsberg and Bonn (Ph.D. 1863), and then spent two years in Italy. In 1869 he...
HIRSCHFELD, ROBERT – Austrian writer on music; born Sept. 17, 1857, in Moravia; educated at the universities of Breslau and Vienna. He also studied at the Conservatorium of the latter city, in which institution he was lecturer from 1882 till 1884,...
HIRSCHFELDER, JOSEPH OAKLAND – American physician; born at Oakland, Cal., Sept. 8, 1854. He received his education at San Francisco, Cal., and at the universities at Würzburg, Berlin, Vienna, and Leipsic (M.D. 1876). Returning to America, he settled in San...
HIRSCHFELDER, SOLOMON – German genre painter; born May 16, 1832, at Dettensee, near Horb, on the Neckar; died at Munich May 10, 1903. He was a student at the Academy in Munich, where he settled in 1853. Of his genre paintings the following may be...
HIRSCHFELDT, HERMANN – German physician; born at Neustettin July 30, 1825; died at Colberg June 17, 1885; M.D. Greifswald, 1852. During the two following years he practised in Greifenberg, Pomerania, and in 1854 removed to Colberg, where he continued...
HIRSCHL, ADOLF – Hungarian painter; born at Temesvar, Hungary, Jan. 31, 1860; studied (1874-1882) at the Vienna Academy, where for two years (1882-1884) he won a traveling scholarship of 3,000 kronen. In 1893 he settled at Rome. Among his...
HIRSCHLER, IGNAZ – Hungarian oculist; born at Presburg 1823; died at Budapest Nov. 11, 1891. He studied medicine at Vienna. After practising for two years at Paris he went to Budapest, where he achieved a reputation as an oculist. He wrote several...
HIRSCHMANN, HENRI LOUIS – French composer; born at Saint-Mandé, department of the Seine, April 30, 1873. He studied under André Gedalge, and, for two years, under J. Massenet at the Paris Conservatoire. His chief works are: "Ahasuerus," an oratorio...
HIRSCHSPRUNG, HEINRICH – Danish manufacturer and art-collector; born in Copenhagen Feb. 7, 1836; son of Abraham Marcus Hirschsprung (1793-1871), who in 1826 founded one of the largest tobacco-factories in Denmark, of which Heinrich Hirschsprung is still...
HIRSHMAN, LEONARD LEOPOLDOVICH – Russian oculist; born at Goldingen, Courland, in 1839. After graduating from the University of Kharkof he worked in the laboratories of Graefe, Helmholtz, Jäger, Knapp, and Pagenstecher. In 1868 he was appointed docent at the...
HIRSZENBERG, SAMUEL – Polish painter; born at Lodz 1866. He studied at the Academy of Cracow from 1881 to 1885, and completed his studies at Munich (1885-89). He began his artistic career with the paintings "Urania" and "Yeszybolen," for which he...
ḤISDA – Babylonian amora of the third generation; died in 620 of the Seleucidan era (= 308-309; Sherira Gaon, in Neubauer, "M. J. C." i. 30; in 300, according to Abraham ibn Daud, "Sefer ha-Ḳabbalah," in Neubauer, l.c. p. 58), at the...
HISTORIOGRAPHY – Method of writing history. In Bible times the Jews showed a strong historical sense, as evidenced by the series of books from Genesis to Kings devoted to the history of the people. Without entering into the vexed question of the...
HISTORISCHE COMMISSION – Commission appointed by the Deutsch-Israelitische Gemein-debund in 1885 for the collection and publication of material relating to the history of the Jews in Germany. It consisted originally of Privy Councilor Kristeller, and...
HITI, AL- – Karaite chronicler; flourished (probably in Egypt) in the first half of the fifteenth century. He was a native of Hit (whence his surname), on the Euphrates, about thirty leagues to the west of Bagdad. He is supposed by...
HITKÖZSÈGI HIVATALNOK – See Periodicals.
HITTITES – A race of doubtful ethnic and linguistic affinities that occupied, from the sixteenth century until 717 B.C., a territory of vague extent, but which probably centered about Kadesh on the Orontes and Carchemish on the upper...
HITZIG, FERDINAND – German Christian theologian; born at Hauingen, Baden, June 23, 1807; died at Heidelberg Jan. 22, 1875. After studying under Gesenius at Halle and under Ewald at Göttingen, he taught at Heidelberg from 1830 to 1833, in which year...
HIVITES – One of the Canaanitic nations dispossessed by the children of Israel (Gen. x. 17; Ex. xxiii. 23, 28; et al.). In the Hebrew text the name occurs only in the singular; its meaning is, according to Gesenius, "the villager" (comp....

HIRSCHEL LEVIN – See Levin, Hirschel.

HIRSCHEL, MOSES (CHRISTIAN MORITZ) – German writer; born at Breslau Sept. 13, 1754; continued to live in that city. On being baptized (1804) he took the name of "Christian Moritz." He published the following works: "Das Schach," Breslau, 1784; "Kampf der Jüdischen...

HIRSCHENSOHN, ISAAC M. – Jerusalem Talmudist; bibliophile; born at Pinsk, in the government of Minsk, Russia, in 1844. As a boy of three he accompanied his father, Jacob Mordecai Hirschensohn, to Jerusalem, and from him he received instruction in the...

HIRSCHFELD, GUSTAV – German archeologist, geographer, and topographer; born Nov. 4, 1847, at Pyritz, Pomerania; died April 20, 1895, at Wiesbaden. He studied philology and archeology at the universities of Berlin, Tübingen, and Leipsic.and was...

HIRSCHFELD, HARTWIG – English Orientalist; born at Thorn, Prussia. He studied at Posen, at the universities of Berlin and Strasburg, and at Paris under Derenbourg. In 1887 he edited Judah ha-Levi's "Cuzari" in Arabic and Hebrew, and translated it...

HIRSCHFELD, LUDWIK MAURYCY – Polish anatomist; born at Nadarzyn, government of Warsaw, 1816; died at Warsaw 1876. Hirschfeld received a Talmudical education at home, but, not being studiously inclined, at the age of seventeen he went to Berlin, where he...

HIRSCHFELD, OTTO – German historian, epigrapher, and archeologist; born March 16, 1843, at Königsberg, Prussia. He studied philology and history at the universities of Königsberg and Bonn (Ph.D. 1863), and then spent two years in Italy. In 1869 he...

HIRSCHFELD, ROBERT – Austrian writer on music; born Sept. 17, 1857, in Moravia; educated at the universities of Breslau and Vienna. He also studied at the Conservatorium of the latter city, in which institution he was lecturer from 1882 till 1884,...

HIRSCHFELDER, JOSEPH OAKLAND – American physician; born at Oakland, Cal., Sept. 8, 1854. He received his education at San Francisco, Cal., and at the universities at Würzburg, Berlin, Vienna, and Leipsic (M.D. 1876). Returning to America, he settled in San...

HIRSCHFELDER, SOLOMON – German genre painter; born May 16, 1832, at Dettensee, near Horb, on the Neckar; died at Munich May 10, 1903. He was a student at the Academy in Munich, where he settled in 1853. Of his genre paintings the following may be...

HIRSCHFELDT, HERMANN – German physician; born at Neustettin July 30, 1825; died at Colberg June 17, 1885; M.D. Greifswald, 1852. During the two following years he practised in Greifenberg, Pomerania, and in 1854 removed to Colberg, where he continued...

HIRSCHL, ADOLF – Hungarian painter; born at Temesvar, Hungary, Jan. 31, 1860; studied (1874-1882) at the Vienna Academy, where for two years (1882-1884) he won a traveling scholarship of 3,000 kronen. In 1893 he settled at Rome. Among his...

HIRSCHLER, IGNAZ – Hungarian oculist; born at Presburg 1823; died at Budapest Nov. 11, 1891. He studied medicine at Vienna. After practising for two years at Paris he went to Budapest, where he achieved a reputation as an oculist. He wrote several...

HIRSCHMANN, HENRI LOUIS – French composer; born at Saint-Mandé, department of the Seine, April 30, 1873. He studied under André Gedalge, and, for two years, under J. Massenet at the Paris Conservatoire. His chief works are: "Ahasuerus," an oratorio...

HIRSCHSPRUNG, HEINRICH – Danish manufacturer and art-collector; born in Copenhagen Feb. 7, 1836; son of Abraham Marcus Hirschsprung (1793-1871), who in 1826 founded one of the largest tobacco-factories in Denmark, of which Heinrich Hirschsprung is still...

HIRSHMAN, LEONARD LEOPOLDOVICH – Russian oculist; born at Goldingen, Courland, in 1839. After graduating from the University of Kharkof he worked in the laboratories of Graefe, Helmholtz, Jäger, Knapp, and Pagenstecher. In 1868 he was appointed docent at the...

HIRSZENBERG, SAMUEL – Polish painter; born at Lodz 1866. He studied at the Academy of Cracow from 1881 to 1885, and completed his studies at Munich (1885-89). He began his artistic career with the paintings "Urania" and "Yeszybolen," for which he...

ḤISDA – Babylonian amora of the third generation; died in 620 of the Seleucidan era (= 308-309; Sherira Gaon, in Neubauer, "M. J. C." i. 30; in 300, according to Abraham ibn Daud, "Sefer ha-Ḳabbalah," in Neubauer, l.c. p. 58), at the...

HISTORIOGRAPHY – Method of writing history. In Bible times the Jews showed a strong historical sense, as evidenced by the series of books from Genesis to Kings devoted to the history of the people. Without entering into the vexed question of the...

HISTORISCHE COMMISSION – Commission appointed by the Deutsch-Israelitische Gemein-debund in 1885 for the collection and publication of material relating to the history of the Jews in Germany. It consisted originally of Privy Councilor Kristeller, and...

HITI, AL- – Karaite chronicler; flourished (probably in Egypt) in the first half of the fifteenth century. He was a native of Hit (whence his surname), on the Euphrates, about thirty leagues to the west of Bagdad. He is supposed by...

HITKÖZSÈGI HIVATALNOK – See Periodicals.

HITTITES – A race of doubtful ethnic and linguistic affinities that occupied, from the sixteenth century until 717 B.C., a territory of vague extent, but which probably centered about Kadesh on the Orontes and Carchemish on the upper...

HITZIG, FERDINAND – German Christian theologian; born at Hauingen, Baden, June 23, 1807; died at Heidelberg Jan. 22, 1875. After studying under Gesenius at Halle and under Ewald at Göttingen, he taught at Heidelberg from 1830 to 1833, in which year...

HIVITES – One of the Canaanitic nations dispossessed by the children of Israel (Gen. x. 17; Ex. xxiii. 23, 28; et al.). In the Hebrew text the name occurs only in the singular; its meaning is, according to Gesenius, "the villager" (comp....