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MARCUSE, ADOLF – German astronomer; born Nov. 17, 1860, in Magdeburg; educated at the universities of Strasburg and Berlin (Ph.D. 1884). Before his graduation he took part, as assistant, in the German expedition (1882) to South Carolina to...
MARCZALI, HEINRICH – Hungarian historian; born at Marczali April 3, 1856; educated at Raab, Papa, Budapest, Berlin, and Paris. In 1878 he became professor at the gymnasium of his native town. He became a member of the Hungarian Academy in 1893, and...
MARETZEK, MAX – Austrian impresario; born at Brünn, Moravia, June 28, 1821; died at Pleasant Plains, New York, May 14, 1897. He was a pupil of Seyfried in Vienna, and also attended the university in that city. Several years later he became...
MARGALIOT, MARGALIOTH – See Margolioth.
MARGALITA, AARON – Polish convert to Christianity; born 1663 at Zolkiev. He was a learned rabbi, and traveled as a maggid in Poland and Germany, preaching in the synagogues. In Holland he remained for seven years teaching rabbinics at Leyden. He...
MARGARITA, ANTONIUS – Convert to Christianity in the first half of the sixteenth century; born about 1500 at Ratisbon (Regensburg), where his father, Jacob Margolioth, was rabbi; died at Vienna; baptized in 1522 at Wasserburg, Bavaria. He was teacher...
MARGOLIOTH – Polish family of Talmudic scholars that traces its descent from Rashi, on the one side, and from the families of Shor and Samuel Edels on the other. The first Margolioth known was Samuel, dayyan at Posen about 1550; one of his...
MARGOLIS, ISAAC BEN ELIAH – Russo-Polish rabbi and author; born in Kalvariya, government of Suwalki, Russian Poland, 1842; died in New York Aug. 1, 1887; son of the rabbi of Wizhajny, and a descendant of Yom-Ṭob Lipmann Heller of Prague.His youth was...
MARGOLIS, MAX LEOPOLD – American philologist; born at Meretz, government of Wilna, Russia, Oct. 15, 1866; son of Isaac Margolis; educated at the elementary school of his native town, the Leibnitz gymnasium, Berlin, and Columbia University, New York...
MARGOLIUT, MARGULIES, MARGULIOTH – See Margolioth.
MARGOLIUTH, MOSES – Convert to Christianity; born in Suwalki, Poland, Dec. 3, 1820; died in London Feb. 25, 1881. He went to Liverpool, England, in 1837, where he met a convert named Lazarus, and the Rev. H. S. Joseph; the latter baptized...
MARGULIES, SAMUEL HIRSCH – Rabbi; born at Brzezan, Galicia, Oct. 9, 1858; a descendant of Rabbi Ephraim Zalman Margolioth; educated at the theological seminary at Breslau. He was from 1885 to 1887 rabbi of the Congregation Newe Shalom in Hamburg; till...
MARḤAB IBN AL-ḤARITH – Jewish Arabian warrior and poet; killed during Mohammed'sinvasion of Khaibar about 628. Marḥab, who was of Himyarite descent, distinguished himself by his bravery in defending one of the forts of Khaibar. He is represented in...
MARḤESHWAN – See Ḥeshwan.
MARI BEN DIMI – Second gaon of Pumbedita. When the Jewish scholars were compelled to leave the Babylonian academies, Mari, with others, went to Firuz-Shabur and there established a new academy which became associated with his name. After the...
MARIA THERESA – See Austria.
MARIAMNE – 1. Wife of Herod the Great; the first of this name. She was the daughter of the Hasmonean Alexander, a son of Aristobulus II., who was conquered and put to flight by Herod's father, Antipater. Her mother was Alexandra, daughter...
MARIAMPOL – Town situated in the government of Suwalki, Russian Poland. The Jewish community there, like the town itself, is of comparatively recent date. At first the community was dependent, in communal affairs, upon the neighboring town...
MARIK, SOLOMON – Spanish surgeon, of whose life no details are known. He wrote in Spanish in Hebrew script a work entitled "Libro de la Cirogia," of which a fragment exists in a volume of miscellanea in the royal library at Munich.David Marich...
MARINI, SOLOMON B. ISAAC – Italian rabbi of the seventeenth century; died in 1670. He was the only rabbi at Padua who survived the plague of 1631, which decimated the community. His wisdom and his eloquence contributed much to the restoration of order. He...
MARIX, ADOLPH – American naval commander; born Apr. 24, 1848, in Saxony. He went to America while still a boy, and in 1864 entered the United States Naval Academy at Annapolis, Md., graduating in 1868. In 1869 he was promoted to the rank of...
MARK – See Seal; Signature.
MARK – See New Testament.
MARKENS, ISAAC – American writer; born in New York city Oct. 9, 1846; son of Elias Markens, a linguist and Orientalist. Isaac Markens was educated in the public schools of his native city. He became a merchant, and afterward private secretary to...
MARKS, B. S. – English artist; born in 1827 at Cardiff, where he received his art education and followed the profession of portrait-painter until his removal to London in 1867. As a native of Wales he became Royal Cambrian Academician. During...

MARCUSE, ADOLF – German astronomer; born Nov. 17, 1860, in Magdeburg; educated at the universities of Strasburg and Berlin (Ph.D. 1884). Before his graduation he took part, as assistant, in the German expedition (1882) to South Carolina to...

MARCZALI, HEINRICH – Hungarian historian; born at Marczali April 3, 1856; educated at Raab, Papa, Budapest, Berlin, and Paris. In 1878 he became professor at the gymnasium of his native town. He became a member of the Hungarian Academy in 1893, and...

MARETZEK, MAX – Austrian impresario; born at Brünn, Moravia, June 28, 1821; died at Pleasant Plains, New York, May 14, 1897. He was a pupil of Seyfried in Vienna, and also attended the university in that city. Several years later he became...

MARGALIOT, MARGALIOTH – See Margolioth.

MARGALITA, AARON – Polish convert to Christianity; born 1663 at Zolkiev. He was a learned rabbi, and traveled as a maggid in Poland and Germany, preaching in the synagogues. In Holland he remained for seven years teaching rabbinics at Leyden. He...

MARGARITA, ANTONIUS – Convert to Christianity in the first half of the sixteenth century; born about 1500 at Ratisbon (Regensburg), where his father, Jacob Margolioth, was rabbi; died at Vienna; baptized in 1522 at Wasserburg, Bavaria. He was teacher...

MARGOLIOTH – Polish family of Talmudic scholars that traces its descent from Rashi, on the one side, and from the families of Shor and Samuel Edels on the other. The first Margolioth known was Samuel, dayyan at Posen about 1550; one of his...

MARGOLIS, ISAAC BEN ELIAH – Russo-Polish rabbi and author; born in Kalvariya, government of Suwalki, Russian Poland, 1842; died in New York Aug. 1, 1887; son of the rabbi of Wizhajny, and a descendant of Yom-Ṭob Lipmann Heller of Prague.His youth was...

MARGOLIS, MAX LEOPOLD – American philologist; born at Meretz, government of Wilna, Russia, Oct. 15, 1866; son of Isaac Margolis; educated at the elementary school of his native town, the Leibnitz gymnasium, Berlin, and Columbia University, New York...

MARGOLIUT, MARGULIES, MARGULIOTH – See Margolioth.

MARGOLIUTH, MOSES – Convert to Christianity; born in Suwalki, Poland, Dec. 3, 1820; died in London Feb. 25, 1881. He went to Liverpool, England, in 1837, where he met a convert named Lazarus, and the Rev. H. S. Joseph; the latter baptized...

MARGULIES, SAMUEL HIRSCH – Rabbi; born at Brzezan, Galicia, Oct. 9, 1858; a descendant of Rabbi Ephraim Zalman Margolioth; educated at the theological seminary at Breslau. He was from 1885 to 1887 rabbi of the Congregation Newe Shalom in Hamburg; till...

MARḤAB IBN AL-ḤARITH – Jewish Arabian warrior and poet; killed during Mohammed'sinvasion of Khaibar about 628. Marḥab, who was of Himyarite descent, distinguished himself by his bravery in defending one of the forts of Khaibar. He is represented in...

MARḤESHWAN – See Ḥeshwan.

MARI BEN DIMI – Second gaon of Pumbedita. When the Jewish scholars were compelled to leave the Babylonian academies, Mari, with others, went to Firuz-Shabur and there established a new academy which became associated with his name. After the...

MARIA THERESA – See Austria.

MARIAMNE – 1. Wife of Herod the Great; the first of this name. She was the daughter of the Hasmonean Alexander, a son of Aristobulus II., who was conquered and put to flight by Herod's father, Antipater. Her mother was Alexandra, daughter...

MARIAMPOL – Town situated in the government of Suwalki, Russian Poland. The Jewish community there, like the town itself, is of comparatively recent date. At first the community was dependent, in communal affairs, upon the neighboring town...

MARIK, SOLOMON – Spanish surgeon, of whose life no details are known. He wrote in Spanish in Hebrew script a work entitled "Libro de la Cirogia," of which a fragment exists in a volume of miscellanea in the royal library at Munich.David Marich...

MARINI, SOLOMON B. ISAAC – Italian rabbi of the seventeenth century; died in 1670. He was the only rabbi at Padua who survived the plague of 1631, which decimated the community. His wisdom and his eloquence contributed much to the restoration of order. He...

MARIX, ADOLPH – American naval commander; born Apr. 24, 1848, in Saxony. He went to America while still a boy, and in 1864 entered the United States Naval Academy at Annapolis, Md., graduating in 1868. In 1869 he was promoted to the rank of...

MARK – See Seal; Signature.

MARK – See New Testament.

MARKENS, ISAAC – American writer; born in New York city Oct. 9, 1846; son of Elias Markens, a linguist and Orientalist. Isaac Markens was educated in the public schools of his native city. He became a merchant, and afterward private secretary to...

MARKS, B. S. – English artist; born in 1827 at Cardiff, where he received his art education and followed the profession of portrait-painter until his removal to London in 1867. As a native of Wales he became Royal Cambrian Academician. During...