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MONTREAL – Congregations. Metropolis of the Dominion of Canada, situated on an island in the St. Lawrence River; the most important center of Jewish population in British North America. In 1901 the Jewish population of Montreal was 6,790....
MONUMENTS IN THEIR BEARING ON BIBLICAL EXEGESIS – For centuries the evidence of the authenticity of the Old Testament Scriptures had to be sought from within; of contemporaneous external testimony there was practically nothing. All this is now changed. The civilized nations by...
MONZON – Town near Lerida in the ancient kingdom of Aragon, Spain. It had a considerable Jewish community, the members of which were engaged in business, especially money-lending. In 1260 Solomon de Daroca was one of the wealthiest Jews...
MONZON, ABRAHAM (the Elder) – Rabbi of the latter part of the sixteenth century; died at Constantinople. He was a pupil of Bezaleel Ashkenazi, and on account of his knowledge and acumen was called by his contemporaries "Sinai we'Oḳer Harim" = "Polyhistor,...
MONZON, ABRAHAM (the Younger) – Rabbinical and Talmudic scholar of the middle of the sixteenth century. He was originally from Tetuan in Morocco, where he was engaged in commerce. He left that city and settled successively in Algiers, Oran, and Cairo. At Cairo...
MOON – Biblical Data: The most common Hebrew word for, the moon is "yeraḥ," the root of which is probably akin to "araḥ," so that the meaning of the term would be "the wanderer." Poetically, it is called, on account of its whiteness,...
MOOS, SOLOMON – German otologist; born at Randegg, near Constance, Germany, July 15, 1831; died at Heidelberg July 15, 1895; educated at the universities of Prague, Vienna, and Heidelberg (M.D. 1856). He settled in Heidelberg and was admitted...
MORAIS, HENRY SAMUEL – American writer and minister; born May 13, 1860, at Philadelphia, Pa.; educated at private and public schools of that city. He received his religious instruction from his father, Sabato Morais. For about twelve years he was a...
MORAIS, SABATO – Early Years. American rabbi; born at Leghorn, Italy, April 13, 1823; died at Philadelphia Nov. 11, 1897. He was the elder son and the third of nine children of Samuel and Bona Morais. The Morais family came originally from...
MORATA, OLYMPIA FULVIA – See Heidelberg.
MORAVIA – Early Traces. Austrian province, formerly part of the kingdom of Bohemia, containing 44,255 Jews in a total population of 2,437,706 (1900). The first historical notice of Jews in Moravia is found in the toll law of Raffelstetten...
MORAWCZYK – Family of Polish scholars of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries coming originally from Moravia.Jehiel Michael Morawczyk: Commentator; died in Lublin 1593. He translated into Hebrew a German work known as the "Wiener...
MORBIDITY – Rate of Sickness. Tendency to disease. The ratio of sickness among the Jews has not yet been satisfactorily studied, although the ratio of deaths—the mortality—among them, and of the various diseases that cause such deaths, has...
MORDECAI – Biblical Data: Chief minister of Ahasuerus and one of the principal personages of the Book of Esther. He was the son of Jair, a Benjamite, and a cousin of Esther, whom he adopted as his daughter. He had previously been carried...
MORDECAI – An American family of German origin, the founder of which settled in the United States in the second half of the eighteenth century. Several of its members took part in the military affairs of the nation. Of these members the...
MORDECAI ASTRUC – French liturgical poet; lived at Carpentras about the end of the seventeenth century. He was the author of several liturgical poems printed in "Seder ha-Tamid," a collection of prayers used at Carpentras, Isle, Avignon, and...
MORDECAI DATO (BEN JUDAH) – Italian payeṭan; lived in Ferrara in the sixteenth century. The name "Dato" is the Italian equivalent of "Nathan." He added some notes, under the title "Hagahot," to Samuel Gallico's "'Asis Rimmonim" (Venice, 1601). Azariah dei...
MORDECAI B. DAVID – See Strelisker, Mordecai.
MORDECAI OF EISENSTADT – See Mordecai Mokiaḥ.
MORDECAI BEN ELIEZER JONAH – Austrian commentator; lived in Lemberg in the latter part of the sixteenth century. He published an ethical discourse on the "Shema'" under the title "Petil Tekelet" (Prague, 1618), in three parts, the first dealing with love of...
MORDECAI EN CRESCAS D'ORANGE – See Crescas, Mordecai En, of Orange.
MORDECAI B. HILLEL B. HILLEL – German halakist of the thirteenth century; died as a martyr at Nuremberg Aug. 1, 1298. Mordecai belonged to one of the most prominent families of scholars in Germany, his grandfather Hillel being on the mother's side a grandson...
MORDECAI B. ISAAC OF CARPENTRAS – French Talmudist; flourished in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries. Mordecai lived in Carpentras (department of Vaucluse) at the time of the religious struggles (1303-6), and corresponded with Abba Mari of Lunel, who speaks...
MORDECAI B. ISAAC ḲIMḤI – See ḲimḤi.
MORDECAI BEN JACOB (MORDECAI SINGER) – Polish translator; lived in Cracow; died 1575. He translated into Judæo-German the Book of Proverbs (Cracow, 1582) and the Book of Job (Prague, 1597), supplying them with commentaries in Hebrew.Bibliography: Steinschneider, Cat....

MONTREAL – Congregations. Metropolis of the Dominion of Canada, situated on an island in the St. Lawrence River; the most important center of Jewish population in British North America. In 1901 the Jewish population of Montreal was 6,790....

MONUMENTS IN THEIR BEARING ON BIBLICAL EXEGESIS – For centuries the evidence of the authenticity of the Old Testament Scriptures had to be sought from within; of contemporaneous external testimony there was practically nothing. All this is now changed. The civilized nations by...

MONZON – Town near Lerida in the ancient kingdom of Aragon, Spain. It had a considerable Jewish community, the members of which were engaged in business, especially money-lending. In 1260 Solomon de Daroca was one of the wealthiest Jews...

MONZON, ABRAHAM (the Elder) – Rabbi of the latter part of the sixteenth century; died at Constantinople. He was a pupil of Bezaleel Ashkenazi, and on account of his knowledge and acumen was called by his contemporaries "Sinai we'Oḳer Harim" = "Polyhistor,...

MONZON, ABRAHAM (the Younger) – Rabbinical and Talmudic scholar of the middle of the sixteenth century. He was originally from Tetuan in Morocco, where he was engaged in commerce. He left that city and settled successively in Algiers, Oran, and Cairo. At Cairo...

MOON – Biblical Data: The most common Hebrew word for, the moon is "yeraḥ," the root of which is probably akin to "araḥ," so that the meaning of the term would be "the wanderer." Poetically, it is called, on account of its whiteness,...

MOOS, SOLOMON – German otologist; born at Randegg, near Constance, Germany, July 15, 1831; died at Heidelberg July 15, 1895; educated at the universities of Prague, Vienna, and Heidelberg (M.D. 1856). He settled in Heidelberg and was admitted...

MORAIS, HENRY SAMUEL – American writer and minister; born May 13, 1860, at Philadelphia, Pa.; educated at private and public schools of that city. He received his religious instruction from his father, Sabato Morais. For about twelve years he was a...

MORAIS, SABATO – Early Years. American rabbi; born at Leghorn, Italy, April 13, 1823; died at Philadelphia Nov. 11, 1897. He was the elder son and the third of nine children of Samuel and Bona Morais. The Morais family came originally from...

MORATA, OLYMPIA FULVIA – See Heidelberg.

MORAVIA – Early Traces. Austrian province, formerly part of the kingdom of Bohemia, containing 44,255 Jews in a total population of 2,437,706 (1900). The first historical notice of Jews in Moravia is found in the toll law of Raffelstetten...

MORAWCZYK – Family of Polish scholars of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries coming originally from Moravia.Jehiel Michael Morawczyk: Commentator; died in Lublin 1593. He translated into Hebrew a German work known as the "Wiener...

MORBIDITY – Rate of Sickness. Tendency to disease. The ratio of sickness among the Jews has not yet been satisfactorily studied, although the ratio of deaths—the mortality—among them, and of the various diseases that cause such deaths, has...

MORDECAI – Biblical Data: Chief minister of Ahasuerus and one of the principal personages of the Book of Esther. He was the son of Jair, a Benjamite, and a cousin of Esther, whom he adopted as his daughter. He had previously been carried...

MORDECAI – An American family of German origin, the founder of which settled in the United States in the second half of the eighteenth century. Several of its members took part in the military affairs of the nation. Of these members the...

MORDECAI ASTRUC – French liturgical poet; lived at Carpentras about the end of the seventeenth century. He was the author of several liturgical poems printed in "Seder ha-Tamid," a collection of prayers used at Carpentras, Isle, Avignon, and...

MORDECAI DATO (BEN JUDAH) – Italian payeṭan; lived in Ferrara in the sixteenth century. The name "Dato" is the Italian equivalent of "Nathan." He added some notes, under the title "Hagahot," to Samuel Gallico's "'Asis Rimmonim" (Venice, 1601). Azariah dei...

MORDECAI B. DAVID – See Strelisker, Mordecai.

MORDECAI OF EISENSTADT – See Mordecai Mokiaḥ.

MORDECAI BEN ELIEZER JONAH – Austrian commentator; lived in Lemberg in the latter part of the sixteenth century. He published an ethical discourse on the "Shema'" under the title "Petil Tekelet" (Prague, 1618), in three parts, the first dealing with love of...

MORDECAI EN CRESCAS D'ORANGE – See Crescas, Mordecai En, of Orange.

MORDECAI B. HILLEL B. HILLEL – German halakist of the thirteenth century; died as a martyr at Nuremberg Aug. 1, 1298. Mordecai belonged to one of the most prominent families of scholars in Germany, his grandfather Hillel being on the mother's side a grandson...

MORDECAI B. ISAAC OF CARPENTRAS – French Talmudist; flourished in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries. Mordecai lived in Carpentras (department of Vaucluse) at the time of the religious struggles (1303-6), and corresponded with Abba Mari of Lunel, who speaks...

MORDECAI B. ISAAC ḲIMḤI – See ḲimḤi.

MORDECAI BEN JACOB (MORDECAI SINGER) – Polish translator; lived in Cracow; died 1575. He translated into Judæo-German the Book of Proverbs (Cracow, 1582) and the Book of Job (Prague, 1597), supplying them with commentaries in Hebrew.Bibliography: Steinschneider, Cat....