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DREUX – Chief town of the arrondissement of the department of Eure-et-Loire, France. From the twelfth century, Jews were living in this locality, where they were considered the property of the Countess of Dreux. In accordance with a...
DREYFUS, ABRAHAM – French journalist and dramatist; born at Paris June 21, 1847. His first literary efforts took the form of two poetic fantasies (1870). To these were added the following plays, mostly comedies: "Un Monsieur en Habit Noir" (1872),...
DREYFUS, CAPTAIN ALFRED – See Dreyfus Case.
DREYFUS, FERDINAND – French politician and deputy; born at Paris May 5, 1849. He became editor of the "Siècle," and was elected by the Republican party (March, 1880) as district deputy of Rambouillet (Seine-et-Oise). He was reelected in August,...
DREYFUS, FERDINAND-CAMILLE – French politician; born in Paris Aug. 19, 1851. After a classical and commercial education he prepared himself for the Ecole Polytechnique, but on the outbreak of the Franco-Prussian war left his studies to serve as a volunteer....
DREYFUS, SAMUEL – Rabbi of Mülhausen, Alsace; died June, 1870. He was one of the earliest pupils of the rabbinical school of Metz, having been among the first matriculates. An excellent Hebraist and preacher, he was ambitious to become a chief...
DREYFUS CASE ("L'Affaire Dreyfus") – Memorable trials of Capt. Alfred Dreyfus, officer in the French army, in 1894 and 1899, involving political complications and convulsions of the highest importance, rending France into two sections, and attracting the attention...
DREYFUS-BRISAC, LOUIS LUCIEN – French physician; born at Strasburg Feb. 3, 1849; died May 5, 1903; studied in his native city, and afterward at the Paris Faculté de Médecine, where he became house surgeon in 1873, and titular physician in 1878. He was clinic...
DRIBIN – See Mohilev Government.
DRINK-OFFERING – See Sacrifice, The.
DRINKING-VESSELS – Less is known of the form and material of the drinking-vessels of the Hebrews than of those of the Greeks and the Romans. The water-skin ("hemet," Gen. xxi. 15, 19; "ob," Job xxxii. 19; and "nod," Judges iv. 19), made of the...
DRISSA – Russian city in the government of Vitebsk. The population in 1897 was 4,237, of whom 2,856 were Jews. There were 657 artisans (including 229 masters) and 158 day-laborers. Among its charitable institutions may be noted the...
DRIVER, SAMUEL ROLLES – English Christian Hebraist; born at Southampton Oct. 2, 1846; regius professor of Hebrew (in succession to Pusey), and canon of Christ Church, Oxford, since 1883; member of the Old Testament Revision Company, 1876-84.Together...
DROHOBICZER, ISRAEL NAḤMAN BEN JOSEPH – Talmudic scholar and preacher of Stanislaw (according to Ghirondi he came from Ostrog, Russia); died at Safed early in the nineteenth century. He was a pupil of Israel Ba'al Shem-Ṭob, and after having been rabbi and rosh...
DROMEDARY – A variety or choice breed of the camel proper, or one-humped camel; much tallerand longer in the leg than the ordinary camel, of a more slender shape, and generally of a very light color. Its speed is considerable, reaching...
DROPSIE, MOSES AARON – American lawyer, and president of Gratz College; born in Philadelphia, Pa., March 9, 1821; died there July 8, 1905. He began life as a store-boy, later learned watchmaking, and afterward studied law under Benjamin Harris...
DROSHCHIN – See Grodno.
DRUCKER, ḤAYYIM B. JACOB – Printer of Amsterdam at the end of the seventeenth and the beginning of the eighteenth century. His activity as a typesetter, publisher, author, and translator extends from 1680 to 1724. He worked successively in the printing...
DRUCKER, MICHAEL – Musician; born in Russian Poland Dec. 31, 1861. At the age of five he began the study of the violin under his father, and in 1875 attended the Kiev Conservatorium. He became concert-director in Kiev in 1877, and later leader of...
DRUISK – See Kovno.
DRUMONT, EDOUARD ADOLPHE – French anti-Semitic author and former deputy from Algeria; born at Paris on May 3, 1844. Drumont's ancestry is not Jewish, as has been sometimes asserted. His ancestors came from Lille, where they were porcelain-painters....
DRUNKENNESS IN LAW – The Talmud speaks only once of drunkenness in its relation to responsibility for contracts or for crimes; namely, in the following baraita ('Er. 65a):"A drunken man's purchase is a purchase; his sale is a sale; if he...
DRUSILLA – Daughter of Agrippa I. and Cypros (Josephus, "Ant." xviii. 5, § 4; idem, "B. J." ii. 11, § 6); born in 38. She was only six years old at her father's death (44), and was subjected to the insult of having the portraits of herself...
DUAL – Form of a noun or verb indicating its application to two persons or things. Arabic is the only Semitic language that has the dual form for the verb as well as for the noun; in Syriac only a few traces of the dual have been...
DUALISM – The system in theology which explains the existence of evil by assuming two coeternal principles—one good, the other evil. This dualism is the chief characteristic of the religion of Zoroaster, which assigns all that is good to...

DREUX – Chief town of the arrondissement of the department of Eure-et-Loire, France. From the twelfth century, Jews were living in this locality, where they were considered the property of the Countess of Dreux. In accordance with a...

DREYFUS, ABRAHAM – French journalist and dramatist; born at Paris June 21, 1847. His first literary efforts took the form of two poetic fantasies (1870). To these were added the following plays, mostly comedies: "Un Monsieur en Habit Noir" (1872),...

DREYFUS, CAPTAIN ALFRED – See Dreyfus Case.

DREYFUS, FERDINAND – French politician and deputy; born at Paris May 5, 1849. He became editor of the "Siècle," and was elected by the Republican party (March, 1880) as district deputy of Rambouillet (Seine-et-Oise). He was reelected in August,...

DREYFUS, FERDINAND-CAMILLE – French politician; born in Paris Aug. 19, 1851. After a classical and commercial education he prepared himself for the Ecole Polytechnique, but on the outbreak of the Franco-Prussian war left his studies to serve as a volunteer....

DREYFUS, SAMUEL – Rabbi of Mülhausen, Alsace; died June, 1870. He was one of the earliest pupils of the rabbinical school of Metz, having been among the first matriculates. An excellent Hebraist and preacher, he was ambitious to become a chief...

DREYFUS CASE ("L'Affaire Dreyfus") – Memorable trials of Capt. Alfred Dreyfus, officer in the French army, in 1894 and 1899, involving political complications and convulsions of the highest importance, rending France into two sections, and attracting the attention...

DREYFUS-BRISAC, LOUIS LUCIEN – French physician; born at Strasburg Feb. 3, 1849; died May 5, 1903; studied in his native city, and afterward at the Paris Faculté de Médecine, where he became house surgeon in 1873, and titular physician in 1878. He was clinic...

DRIBIN – See Mohilev Government.

DRINK-OFFERING – See Sacrifice, The.

DRINKING-VESSELS – Less is known of the form and material of the drinking-vessels of the Hebrews than of those of the Greeks and the Romans. The water-skin ("hemet," Gen. xxi. 15, 19; "ob," Job xxxii. 19; and "nod," Judges iv. 19), made of the...

DRISSA – Russian city in the government of Vitebsk. The population in 1897 was 4,237, of whom 2,856 were Jews. There were 657 artisans (including 229 masters) and 158 day-laborers. Among its charitable institutions may be noted the...

DRIVER, SAMUEL ROLLES – English Christian Hebraist; born at Southampton Oct. 2, 1846; regius professor of Hebrew (in succession to Pusey), and canon of Christ Church, Oxford, since 1883; member of the Old Testament Revision Company, 1876-84.Together...

DROHOBICZER, ISRAEL NAḤMAN BEN JOSEPH – Talmudic scholar and preacher of Stanislaw (according to Ghirondi he came from Ostrog, Russia); died at Safed early in the nineteenth century. He was a pupil of Israel Ba'al Shem-Ṭob, and after having been rabbi and rosh...

DROMEDARY – A variety or choice breed of the camel proper, or one-humped camel; much tallerand longer in the leg than the ordinary camel, of a more slender shape, and generally of a very light color. Its speed is considerable, reaching...

DROPSIE, MOSES AARON – American lawyer, and president of Gratz College; born in Philadelphia, Pa., March 9, 1821; died there July 8, 1905. He began life as a store-boy, later learned watchmaking, and afterward studied law under Benjamin Harris...

DROSHCHIN – See Grodno.

DRUCKER, ḤAYYIM B. JACOB – Printer of Amsterdam at the end of the seventeenth and the beginning of the eighteenth century. His activity as a typesetter, publisher, author, and translator extends from 1680 to 1724. He worked successively in the printing...

DRUCKER, MICHAEL – Musician; born in Russian Poland Dec. 31, 1861. At the age of five he began the study of the violin under his father, and in 1875 attended the Kiev Conservatorium. He became concert-director in Kiev in 1877, and later leader of...

DRUISK – See Kovno.

DRUMONT, EDOUARD ADOLPHE – French anti-Semitic author and former deputy from Algeria; born at Paris on May 3, 1844. Drumont's ancestry is not Jewish, as has been sometimes asserted. His ancestors came from Lille, where they were porcelain-painters....

DRUNKENNESS IN LAW – The Talmud speaks only once of drunkenness in its relation to responsibility for contracts or for crimes; namely, in the following baraita ('Er. 65a):"A drunken man's purchase is a purchase; his sale is a sale; if he...

DRUSILLA – Daughter of Agrippa I. and Cypros (Josephus, "Ant." xviii. 5, § 4; idem, "B. J." ii. 11, § 6); born in 38. She was only six years old at her father's death (44), and was subjected to the insult of having the portraits of herself...

DUAL – Form of a noun or verb indicating its application to two persons or things. Arabic is the only Semitic language that has the dual form for the verb as well as for the noun; in Syriac only a few traces of the dual have been...

DUALISM – The system in theology which explains the existence of evil by assuming two coeternal principles—one good, the other evil. This dualism is the chief characteristic of the religion of Zoroaster, which assigns all that is good to...