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GÄRTNER, GUSTAV – Austrian physician; born at Pardubitz, Bohemia, Sept. 28, 1855. He received his education at the gymnasium at Königgrätz and the University of Vienna, obtaining the degree of doctor of medicine in 1879. In the same year he...
GASCON, ABRAHAM – Scholar of the sixteenth century. Gascon had in his possession Samuel of Sarsah's "Miklal Yofi," to which he added marginal notes, and the index of which he completed.Bibliography: Neubauer, Cat. Bodl. Hebr. MSS. No. 1296.G. M....
GASTER, MOSES – Haham of the Spanish and Portuguese congregation, London; born in Bucharest Sept. 16, 1856. Having taken a degree in his native city (1874), he proceeded to the Jewish seminary at Breslau, where he received the degree of Ph.D....
GASTFREUND, ISAAC – Galician rabbinical scholar; born about 1845; died in Vienna after 1880. He was the author of "Toledot Rabbi 'Aḳibah," a biography of the tanna Akiba b. Joseph (Lemberg, 1871; see "Ha-Shaḥar," ii. 399-400), and of the German...
GATE – This denotes not so much a contrivance like a door ( ) for barring ingress and egress, as the passageway and the group of buildings designed for ornament or defense (I Macc. xiii. 33), together with the open space adjoining to...
GATH – One of the five principal cities of the Philistines (Josh. xiii. 3; I Sam. vi. 17). The name occurs in the El-Amarna tablets as "Gimta," "Gimti," "Ginti"; in the Egyptian inscriptions as "Kutu." Goliath came from this city (I...
GATIGNO – Name (Spanish) of a family known in the fourteenth century, and still flourishing in Turkey; it is probably derived from the former French district of Gatines.Abraham Gatigno: Rabbi; born in Salonica; grandson of Abraham ben...
GAU, JACOB IBN – See Ibn Jau, Jacob.
GAULONITIS – Section of country east of the Jordan and of the Sea of Galilee; so called particularly in the first century C.E. It is frequently mentioned by Josephus as a part of the tetrarchy of Philip, in the same general region as...
GAUNSE (Gaunz, Ganse, Gans), JOACHIM (Jeochim, Jochim) – German mining expert who figures in the English state papers of the reign of Elizabeth. He was born at Prague, and was therefore in all probability a connection of David Gans, who settled there in 1564; he certainly shared his...
GAVISON, MEÏR – Egyptian scholar; flourished in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. He was one of the rabbis at Cairo at the time of R. Jacob Castro, and was generally recognized as a great Talmudist. One volume of his responsa was seen in...
GAYA – Town in the Austrian province of Moravia. In official records Jews at Gaya are first mentioned toward the end of the seventeenth century; but there can be no doubt that a Jewish community existed there at the beginning of the...
GAZA – Palestinian city on the Mediterranean, about 85 kilometers southeast of Jerusalem. In early times it was one of the terminals of the trade-route from South Arabia, as well as from Petra and Palmyra. Gaza was condemned by Amos...
GAZARA – Fortified city in Palestine; situated on the borders of Azotus, not far from Emmaus-Nicopolis on the west. Gazara has been proved by Schürer ("Geschichte," i. 245) to be identical with the "Gezer" of the Bible (Josh. xvi. 10).E....
GAZELLE – See Roebuck.
GEBA – A city of Benjamin, among the group of towns lying along the northern boundary (Josh. xviii. 24). Geba and its suburbs were allotted to the priests (ib. xxi. 17; I Chron. vi., 60). It is mentioned in II Kings xxiii. 8 as the...
GEBAL – A later designation for the northern part of the Edomite mountain, called "Gebalene" by the Greeks; it occurs in Ps. lxxxiii. 8 (A. V. 7), and, according to Winckler, also in Obad. v. 6. The Arabic word "Jibal," from which the...
GEBALENA – See Palestine.
GEBER – 1. Son of Geber; mentioned (I Kings iv. 13) as one of Solomon's district commissariat officers who resided in the fortress of Ramoth-gilead and had charge of Havoth-jair and the district of Argob.2. Son of Uri; district...
GEBIHA OF ARGIZAH – Babylonian scholar of the fifth century; contemporary of Ashi, the projector of the Babylonian Gemara compilation. Huna b. Nathan once reported to Ashi a homiletic interpretation by Gebiha (Giṭ. 7a; Yalḳ. to Josh. xv. 22, § 17)....
GEBIHA OF BE-KATIL – Babylonian halakist of the fifth century; junior of Aḥa b. Jacob, Abaye, and Raba; from all of these he learned halakot, which he eventually reported to Ashi, whom he assisted in the compilation of the Babylonian Talmud (Yeb....
GEBIHA B. PESISA – See Alexander the Great.
GEBINI – Officer of the Second Temple, whose duty was at certain times of each day to announce the rite to be performed, and to remind the appointees of their respective parts in the performance of that rite. Thus he would cry out:...
GEBINI B. ḤARSON – A Jewish Crœsus, cited as a realistic illustration of Eccl. iv. 8. The Midrash thus dissects the verse: "There is one alone": that means Gebini b. Ḥarson, to whom"there was no second," he being without an equal. "He hath neither...
GEBWEILER – Town of Alsace, in the consistorial district of Colmar and rabbinate of Sulz. The first document referring to its Jewish community dates from 1270, and is now in the archives of Colmar (L. 16, 6). The synagogue is first...

GÄRTNER, GUSTAV – Austrian physician; born at Pardubitz, Bohemia, Sept. 28, 1855. He received his education at the gymnasium at Königgrätz and the University of Vienna, obtaining the degree of doctor of medicine in 1879. In the same year he...

GASCON, ABRAHAM – Scholar of the sixteenth century. Gascon had in his possession Samuel of Sarsah's "Miklal Yofi," to which he added marginal notes, and the index of which he completed.Bibliography: Neubauer, Cat. Bodl. Hebr. MSS. No. 1296.G. M....

GASTER, MOSES – Haham of the Spanish and Portuguese congregation, London; born in Bucharest Sept. 16, 1856. Having taken a degree in his native city (1874), he proceeded to the Jewish seminary at Breslau, where he received the degree of Ph.D....

GASTFREUND, ISAAC – Galician rabbinical scholar; born about 1845; died in Vienna after 1880. He was the author of "Toledot Rabbi 'Aḳibah," a biography of the tanna Akiba b. Joseph (Lemberg, 1871; see "Ha-Shaḥar," ii. 399-400), and of the German...

GATE – This denotes not so much a contrivance like a door ( ) for barring ingress and egress, as the passageway and the group of buildings designed for ornament or defense (I Macc. xiii. 33), together with the open space adjoining to...

GATH – One of the five principal cities of the Philistines (Josh. xiii. 3; I Sam. vi. 17). The name occurs in the El-Amarna tablets as "Gimta," "Gimti," "Ginti"; in the Egyptian inscriptions as "Kutu." Goliath came from this city (I...

GATIGNO – Name (Spanish) of a family known in the fourteenth century, and still flourishing in Turkey; it is probably derived from the former French district of Gatines.Abraham Gatigno: Rabbi; born in Salonica; grandson of Abraham ben...

GAU, JACOB IBN – See Ibn Jau, Jacob.

GAULONITIS – Section of country east of the Jordan and of the Sea of Galilee; so called particularly in the first century C.E. It is frequently mentioned by Josephus as a part of the tetrarchy of Philip, in the same general region as...

GAUNSE (Gaunz, Ganse, Gans), JOACHIM (Jeochim, Jochim) – German mining expert who figures in the English state papers of the reign of Elizabeth. He was born at Prague, and was therefore in all probability a connection of David Gans, who settled there in 1564; he certainly shared his...

GAVISON, MEÏR – Egyptian scholar; flourished in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. He was one of the rabbis at Cairo at the time of R. Jacob Castro, and was generally recognized as a great Talmudist. One volume of his responsa was seen in...

GAYA – Town in the Austrian province of Moravia. In official records Jews at Gaya are first mentioned toward the end of the seventeenth century; but there can be no doubt that a Jewish community existed there at the beginning of the...

GAZA – Palestinian city on the Mediterranean, about 85 kilometers southeast of Jerusalem. In early times it was one of the terminals of the trade-route from South Arabia, as well as from Petra and Palmyra. Gaza was condemned by Amos...

GAZARA – Fortified city in Palestine; situated on the borders of Azotus, not far from Emmaus-Nicopolis on the west. Gazara has been proved by Schürer ("Geschichte," i. 245) to be identical with the "Gezer" of the Bible (Josh. xvi. 10).E....

GAZELLE – See Roebuck.

GEBA – A city of Benjamin, among the group of towns lying along the northern boundary (Josh. xviii. 24). Geba and its suburbs were allotted to the priests (ib. xxi. 17; I Chron. vi., 60). It is mentioned in II Kings xxiii. 8 as the...

GEBAL – A later designation for the northern part of the Edomite mountain, called "Gebalene" by the Greeks; it occurs in Ps. lxxxiii. 8 (A. V. 7), and, according to Winckler, also in Obad. v. 6. The Arabic word "Jibal," from which the...

GEBALENA – See Palestine.

GEBER – 1. Son of Geber; mentioned (I Kings iv. 13) as one of Solomon's district commissariat officers who resided in the fortress of Ramoth-gilead and had charge of Havoth-jair and the district of Argob.2. Son of Uri; district...

GEBIHA OF ARGIZAH – Babylonian scholar of the fifth century; contemporary of Ashi, the projector of the Babylonian Gemara compilation. Huna b. Nathan once reported to Ashi a homiletic interpretation by Gebiha (Giṭ. 7a; Yalḳ. to Josh. xv. 22, § 17)....

GEBIHA OF BE-KATIL – Babylonian halakist of the fifth century; junior of Aḥa b. Jacob, Abaye, and Raba; from all of these he learned halakot, which he eventually reported to Ashi, whom he assisted in the compilation of the Babylonian Talmud (Yeb....

GEBIHA B. PESISA – See Alexander the Great.

GEBINI – Officer of the Second Temple, whose duty was at certain times of each day to announce the rite to be performed, and to remind the appointees of their respective parts in the performance of that rite. Thus he would cry out:...

GEBINI B. ḤARSON – A Jewish Crœsus, cited as a realistic illustration of Eccl. iv. 8. The Midrash thus dissects the verse: "There is one alone": that means Gebini b. Ḥarson, to whom"there was no second," he being without an equal. "He hath neither...

GEBWEILER – Town of Alsace, in the consistorial district of Colmar and rabbinate of Sulz. The first document referring to its Jewish community dates from 1270, and is now in the archives of Colmar (L. 16, 6). The synagogue is first...