| LITHUANIAN COUNCIL – Long before the Union of Lublin, probably with the beginning of the sixteenth century, the Jews of Poland and Lithuania were taxed as a single body, the pro rata assessment being made by the Jews themselves. In 1613 Sigismund... |
| LITTAUER, LUCIUS NATHAN – American congressman and manufacturer; born in Gloversville, N. Y., Jan. 20, 1859. He graduated from Harvard University in 1878, after which he engaged in the glove-manufacturing business with his father, whom he succeeded in... |
| LITTE OF REGENSBURG – See Judæo-German Literature. |
| LITTHAUER, ISSACHAR BÄR – Polish-German Talmudist; flourished at the beginning ofthe nineteenth century. He wrote: "Iggeret Yissakar," on morality and religion, in the form of a letter to his son (Budapest and Lemberg, 1826); "Da'at Yissakar," commentary... |
| LITTLE RUSSIA – See Russia. |
| LITURGISCHE ZEITSCHRIFT – See Periodicals. |
| LITURGY – Divisions of Divine Service. The Jewish religious service falls, generally, into two main divisions—instruction and prayer. This division of the service has existed since the earliest times. In the time of Isaiah the people... |
| LITWACK – Dutch mathematician; born in Poland about 1760; died Jan. 15, 1836; buried at Ouerveen. A disciple of Moses Mendelssohn, he removed to Amsterdam, where he became one of the most important members of the 'Adat Yeshurun... |
| LIVER – A glandular organ situated, in man, to the right beneath the diaphragm and above the stomach. In six passages of the Bible in which the liver is mentioned the expression is met with in reference to the part of the organ which... |